三孩政策下育龄女性就业形式对生育意愿的影响研究
Research on the Influence of Employment Forms on Fertility Intention of Childbearing-Age Women under the Three-Child Policy

在“全面三孩”政策的指导下，育龄妇女的生育意愿对于推进改革的进程至关重要，它将成为推进改革的关键驱动力。鉴于育龄女性同时承担人口再生产和社会再生产的双重职责，探讨不同就业形式下育龄女性的生育意愿对于评估和完善我国生育政策具有重要意义。因此，本研究基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据和1989~2015年中国健康与营养调查数据，探索育龄女性不同就业形式对生育意愿的影响。结果表明，就业形式对育龄女性的生育意愿具有显著影响，正规就业的育龄女性表现出显著的较低生育意愿，其中，在正规就业的具体类型中，处于政府单位的育龄女性显著更具有生育意愿。为提升育龄女性的生育意愿，本研究从硬政策的完善和软环境的支持两方面提出政策建议。
Under the guidance of the “universal three-child” policy, the fertility intention of childbearing-age women is crucial to advancing the process of reform, and it will become a key driving force for ad-vancing reform. Due to the dual responsibilities of population reproduction and social reproduction undertaken by childbearing-age women, exploring the fertility intention of childbearing-age women under different employment forms is of great value for evaluating and improving China’s fertility policy. Therefore, based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1989~2015, this study explores the impact of different employment forms on the fertility intention of childbearing-age women. The empirical results indicate that employment forms have a significant impact on the fertility intention of childbearing-age women. childbearing-age women who are formally employed show significantly lower fertility intention, among the specific types of formal employment, childbearing-age women who are in government units are significantly more willing to have children. In order to improve the fertility intention of childbearing-age women, this study puts forward policy suggestions from two aspects: the improvement of hard policies and the support of soft environment.