|
|
Aging Research 2023
长寿时代下农村老年人劳动参与的影响研究
|
Abstract:
《2021年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报》显示，我国居民人均预期寿命由2020年的77.93岁已经提高到2021年的78.2岁。在全国第七次人口普查中我国的老年人有2.64亿占总人口的18.7%的60岁及以上的老人。其中60岁及以上的农村老年人占比为23.81%，高出城镇老年人7.99%。因此，本文将在长寿时代的背景下，采用文献分析法，分析我国老年人的现状，以及促进农村老年人劳动参与的可行性和必要性，最后提出保障老年人劳动权益、重视农村老年人健康，加强对农村医疗保健的投入、为农村老年人提供技能培训等建议对农村老人进行培养开发，增加劳动参与机会，提升劳动参与率。
According to the 2021 Statistical Bulletin on the Development of China’s Health Industry, the average life expectancy of Chinese residents has increased from 77.93 years in 2020 to 78.2 years in 2021. In the seventh national population census, there were 264 million elderly people in China, accounting for 18.7% of the total population, aged 60 and above. The proportion of rural elderly people aged 60 and above is 23.81%, which is 7.99% higher than urban elderly people. Therefore, in the context of the era of longevity, this article will adopt a literature analysis method to analyze the current situation of elderly people in China, as well as the feasibility and necessity of promoting labor participation of rural elderly people. Finally, suggestions will be proposed to protect the labor rights and interests of elderly people, attach importance to the health of rural elderly people, strengthen investment in rural medical care, and provide skill training for rural elderly people to cultivate and develop rural elderly people, and increase opportunities for labor participation, improve labor participation rate.
| [1] | 杨菊华. 长寿时代与长寿红利[J]. 山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2022(4): 103-111. |
| [2] | 国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室. 2020年第七次全国人口普查主要数据[Z]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021. |
| [3] | 中华人民共和国人民政府网. 2021年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].
http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-07/12/content_5700670.htm, 2022-07-12. |
| [4] | 国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].
http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/ndtjgb/, 2023-02-28. |
| [5] | Kaushal, N. (2010) Elderly Immigrants’ Labor Supply Response to Supplemental Security Income. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29, 137-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20482 |
| [6] | Coile, C., Milligan, K.S. and Wise, D.A. (2016) Health Capacity to Work at Older Ages: Evidence from the US. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21940 |
| [7] | French, E. (2005) The Effect of Health, Wealth and Wages on Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior. Review of Economic Studies, 72, 395-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2005.00337.x |
| [8] | French, E. and Jones, J.B. (2017) Health, Health Insurance and Retirement: A Survey. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond. https://doi.org/10.21144/wp17-03 |
| [9] | Nilsson, J., Sigstr？m, R., ？stling, S., Waern, M. and Skoog, I. (2019) Changes in the Expression of Worries, Anxiety, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Increasing Age: A Population Study of 70 to 85-Year-Olds. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34, 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5012 |
| [10] | 刘瑞平, 刘梅. 养老保障对老年人劳动参与的影响及其地区差异[J]. 老龄科学研究, 2016, 4(11): 31-42. |
| [11] | 方涛, 易润. 城市退休低龄老年人健康状况对自身劳动参与的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查问卷数据[J]. 南方人口, 2015(2):43-56. |
| [12] | 殷俊, 杨政怡. 银发族缘何重返劳动领域?——城乡二元老年劳动参与研究[J]. 西安财经学院学报, 2016, 29(3):108-114. |
| [13] | 曹荣荣, 郝磊. 人口老龄化背景下健康对中老年劳动供给的影响[J]. 经济问题, 2018(10): 33-40. |
| [14] | 龙莹, 袁嫚. 隔代照料对中老年人劳动参与的影响——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查的实证分析[J]. 南京财经大学学报, 2019(4): 58-67. |
| [15] | 人口老龄化极其经济影响[EB/OL]. https://www.wenmi.com/article/pvrnwl0096w4.html, 2022-08-05. |
| [16] | 张欢. 农村老年人农业劳动供给能力测算——基于健康与劳动参与关系的Cutler方法[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2018. |
