乡村振兴视域下民族地区农村人口老龄化问题研究——以贵州省天柱县为例
Study on the Aging of Rural Population in Ethnic Areas under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization—Taking Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province as an Example

第七次人口普查数据显现了中国日益严重的老龄化问题，其中少数民族边远地区的老龄化现象尤其严重，这对乡村振兴战略的实施带来了巨大挑战。以贵州省天柱县为例，城乡经济资源占有不平衡，所造成的巨大差距使得天柱县农村流失大量青壮年劳动力，天柱农村地区经济发展面临劳动力短板，而当农村经济生产需求与社会生产要素(劳动力、现代化农业生产技术等)不匹配时，便会造成经济发展变相恶性循环，使得天柱地区城乡经济发展水平差距进一步扩大。同时，受制于老年农民学习能力退化、生产理念落后的问题，会造成天柱农村地区的农业现代化转型相对滞缓。再有，老龄化所带来的天柱城乡经济水平的差异进一步拉大，其直接的影响便是农村老龄农民的社会边缘化问题，其生活质量因养老体系的不完善而得不到保障，其社会生活环境的落后也成为不可避免的社会问题。
The data from the seventh population census reveal the increasingly serious problem of aging in China, which is particularly serious in remote areas of ethnic minorities, which poses a great challenge to the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization. Taking Tianzhu County in Guizhou Province as an example, the imbalance in the possession of economic resources between urban and rural areas has resulted in a huge gap that makes Tianzhu County lose a large number of young and strong laborers in rural areas, and the economic development of Tianzhu rural areas is faced with a shortage of laborers, and when the demand for production in rural areas does not match the social factors of production (labor force, modern agricultural production technology, etc.), it will cause a vicious circle of economic development, the gap between urban and rural economic development levels in the Tianzhu area has further widened. At the same time, the problems of degradation of learning ability and backwardness of production concepts of the elderly farmers will cause the transformation of agricultural modernization in rural areas of Tianzhu to be relatively slow. In addition, the aging of the Tianzhu urban-rural economic level of the difference between the further widening of the direct impact is the social marginalization of rural elderly farmers, the quality of life due to the imperfection of the pension system can not be guaranteed, and the backwardness of the social living environment has become an unavoidable social problem.