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典型梦及其在临床中的应用
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Abstract:
典型梦最初由弗洛伊德在临床释梦中发现，是指普遍所有人都会梦到的共同的梦主题。为了进一步研究典型梦，学者整理了36个典型梦主题并不断扩充，最终编制了典型梦量表和梦境母题题量表，并在量化研究中发现典型梦存在跨时间和跨文化的一致性，最流行的典型梦包括学校学习考试相关的梦、追逐梦、坠落梦、性梦和迟到梦。典型梦在性别、年龄、文化、人格、心理健康状态生活事件等变量上存在差异，其中，典型梦与人格、心理健康状态、和生活事件的关系更为密切，并且对临床实践中的诊断鉴别、收集信息、了解人格特征和咨询效果评估具有指导意义。未来研究可以对现存的梦理论进行实证验证，并且探索将典型梦已有研究成果应用于临床实践的可能性。
Typical dreams, first discovered by Freud in his clinical interpretation of dreams, refer to common dream themes that are common to all people. In order to further study typical dreams, scholars sorted out 36 typical dream themes and continued to expand them, and finally compiled the typical dream scale and dream motif scale. In the quantitative research, it was found that typical dreams were consistent across time and across cultures. The most popular typical dreams included dreams related to school learning exams, chasing dreams, falling dreams, sex dreams and lateness dreams. Typical dreams differ in variables such as gender, age, culture, personality, mental health status and life events, among which, typical dreams are more closely related to personality, mental health status and life events, and have guiding significance for diagnosis and identification, information collection, understanding of personality characteristics and evaluation of consultation effects in clinical practice. Future studies could provide empirical validation of existing dream theories and explore the possibility of applying existing research findings on typical dreams to clinical practice.
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