大数据时代背景下的个人信息侵权责任之构成要件解析
Analysis of the Elements of Personal Information Tort Liability under the Background of Big Data Era

正因社会发展在大数据时代背景的加持下，出现越来越多对个人信息大规模微侵权的现状。但根据目前《民法典》以及2021年发布的《个人信息保护法》来看，对个人信息的保护力度还不足以应对实践司法所面临的问题。以此本文将从侵权责任承担的构成要件着手进行分析，在侵权行为的分析中，将侵权行为与侵权责任的概念加以区分以及对于侵权行为中“非法性”的表述不应独立出现于其构成要件之中做出理由陈述，其次对损害事实中各承上启下的因素即损害方式、损害程度和损害赔偿总结出固定判断模式以及对此补充三种特殊情形。第三是对理论界所存在的因果关系理论争议结合案例做出价值判断。以上具体构成要件之间的观点均是相互联系，并对学说理论做出符合当下个人信息保护呼声高盛情形的价值判断以提供学术参考。
Thanks to the social development in the era of big data, there is more and more large-scale micro-infringement of personal information. However, according to the current Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law issued in 2021, the protection of personal information is not enough to deal with the problems faced by practical justice. Therefore, this paper will start from the constitutive elements of tort liability. In the analysis of tort, the concept of tort and tort liability will be distinguished, and the expression of “illegality” in tort should not appear independently in its constitutive elements. Secondly, it sums up the fixed judgment mode, the degree of damage and the compensation of damage, and adds three special cases. The third is to make the value judgment of the causality theory dispute in the theoretical circle. The points of view among the above specific components are interrelated, and the value judgment of the theory is in line with the current situation of personal information protection to provide academic reference.