被遗忘权的法律保护问题研究
Research on the Legal Protection of Right to Be Forgotten

大数据时代带来了对信息主体的便利，但也使得他们陷入了所谓的“数据全景式监狱”，并且永久性的记忆给遗忘带来了困扰。被遗忘权是一种保护个人信息主体的权利，通过删除等手段让相关个人信息被公众“遗忘”，强调信息自主决定和控制，以应对大数据时代信息自由流动对个人信息利益的冲击，并保护信息主体的人格权益。最初，被遗忘权主要是针对刑满释放的罪犯，使其能够在公众眼中被遗忘污点记录的权利。然而，在信息时代，被遗忘权的内涵得到了扩展，成为国内外学者关注的热门议题。本文首先分析了被遗忘权的概念和属性，为后续讨论提供了理论基础。欧盟和美国率先在立法和司法实践上确立了被遗忘权，但由于法律传统和意识观念的差异，欧盟和美国在被遗忘权的规制上存在明显不同，形成了各自的体系。这为全球范围内个人信息权益的保护提供了立法和司法实践经验，我国应该根据自身国情，在吸收有益经验的基础上进行本土化构建。作为互联网大国，我国迫切需要积极思考如何构建被遗忘权。在我国，确立被遗忘权是一个现实需求，国内已有关于个人信息保护的立法、司法实践以及互联网企业采取的个人信息保护措施等都为引入被遗忘权提供了可行性。
The era of big data has brought convenience to information subjects, but it has also made them fall into the so-called “data panoramic prison”, and permanent memory has brought trouble to forgetting. Right to be forgotten is a kind of right to protect personal information subjects. It allows relevant personal information to be “forgotten” by the public through deletion and other means. It emphasizes the independent decision and control of information to cope with the impact of free flow of information on personal information interests in the big data era, and protects the personal rights and interests of information subjects. At first, the right to be forgotten was mainly aimed at criminals released after serving their sentences, so that they could be forgotten in the eyes of the public. However, in the information age, the connotation of right to be forgotten has been expanded and has become a hot topic for scholars at home and abroad. This paper first analyzes the concept and attributes of right to be forgotten, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent discussions. The European Union and the United States took the lead in establishing Right to be forgotten in legislation and judicial practice. However, due to differences in legal traditions and awareness, the European Union and the United States have significantly different regulations on right to be forgotten, forming their own systems. This provides legislative and judicial practical experience for the protection of personal information rights worldwide. China should construct localization based on its own national conditions and absorb beneficial experience. As an Internet power, China urgently needs to actively think about how to build Right to be forgotten. In China, the establishment of the right to be forgotten is a realistic need. The existing domestic legislation and judicial practice on personal information protection, as well as the personal information protection measures taken by Internet enterprises, have provided the feasibility of introducing the right to be forgotten.