试论普遍管辖权的适用
Discussion on the Application of Universal Jurisdiction

普遍管辖权在当今世界的重要作用日益凸显，随着国际社会的发展，区域化、一体化趋势增强，许多国际犯罪亦日益猖獗。在此背景下，普遍管辖权对于各国打击和惩治国际犯罪，维护国际社会安宁和秩序具有难以比拟的重要作用。普遍管辖权之践行非因与一国本身存在利益勾连，而是其在各国协调沟通、互信合作打击国际犯罪上举足轻重。许多国家开始意识到普遍管辖权对于打击犯罪的重要作用，但同时，普遍管辖权由于其自身特性以及与一国主权之间存在的天然冲突，使得其在实际践行的过程中具有颇多阻碍，系国际法领域中争议颇多的一项权利。因而，更好地了解普遍管辖权的内在意涵，分析其运行桎梏和现实困境，对于我们结合当今国际社会实际情况，制定恰当的策略使普遍管辖权的运用与现存国际体系相契合，以期达到国际社会共同合作打击国际犯罪，发挥普遍管辖权真正的制度意旨具有重要作用。
The universal jurisdiction’s significant role in today’s world is increasingly evident. With the development of the international community, regionalization and integration trends are strengthening, and international crimes are also becoming more rampant. In this context, universal jurisdiction plays an unparalleled role in countries’ efforts to combat and punish international crimes, and to maintain international peace and order. The exercise of universal jurisdiction is not motivated by a country’s self-interest but by its crucial role in coordinating communication, fostering trust, and promoting cooperation among nations in combating international crimes. Many countries have come to recognize the importance of universal jurisdiction in fighting crime. However, the inherent characteristics of universal jurisdiction and the natural conflict it poses with national sovereignty create numerous obstacles that make its practical implementation a subject of controversy in the field of international law. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the essence of universal jurisdiction, analyzing its operational constraints and real-world challenges, is crucial for us to develop appropriate strategies that align the application of universal jurisdiction with the existing in-ternational framework. This will enable international cooperation in combating international crimes and fully realize the institutional significance of universal jurisdiction.