十种植物水浸提液对害虫防治效力的研究
A Study on the Efficacy of Water Extracts from Ten Species of Plants in Pest Control

利用植物内的天然成分开发绿色杀虫剂是当前农业科学界的热点之一。本试验以荨麻、蓍草、细香葱、苦艾、金盏菊、洋甘菊、薄荷、接骨木、紫草和罗勒这十种植物为试材，研究其水浸提液对蚜虫、粉虱和红蜘蛛3种害虫的田间防治效果。结果表明：所试验的十种植物对所试验的3种害虫均有一定的防治作用，其中对蚜虫防治效果较好的有荨麻和细香葱，达80%以上；对粉虱防治效果较好的有薄荷、罗勒和蓍草，均达80%以上，而这十种植物对红蜘蛛的防治效果整体偏弱，且差异不显著。
Developing green insecticides using natural compounds found in plants is one of the current hot topics in the agricultural scientific community. In this experiment, ten plant species including Urtica angustifolia, Achillea setacea, Allium fistulosum, Ruta graveolens, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha canadensis, Sambucus williamsii, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Ocimum ba-silicum were selected as test materials to study the field control effects of their water extracts on three pests: aphids, whiteflies, and red spider mites. The results showed that all ten plant species tested had a certain level of control effect on the three pests. Among them, nettle and chives exhibited good control effects on aphids, with a control rate of over 80%. Peppermint, basil, and sweet wormwood demonstrated good control effects on whiteflies, all achieving control rates above 80%. However, these ten plant species showed overall weak control effects on red spider mites, with no significant differences observed.