多状态生命表下居住方式对中国老年人健康预期寿命的影响研究
Study on the Influence of Living Style on Healthy Life Expectancy of Chinese Older under Multistate Life Table

基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2008~2018年四期纵向数据，运用多状态生命表法测算65~99岁老人无配偶“独居”、无配偶“与家人同居”、有配偶“仅与配偶同居”、有配偶“与配偶和家人同居”时的健康预期寿命，并对其进行分析。结果显示：老年人家庭居住结构小型化趋势日渐突出；不同居住方式对老年人健康预期寿命产生显著影响；且纳入婚姻变量后的居住方式能够更为准确地反映老年人健康预期寿命状况：有配偶的老年人中，相较于仅与配偶同居的老人，与配偶和家人同居的老人的健康预期寿命占余寿比重更高；无配偶的老年人中，相较于与家人同居的老人，独居老人的健康预期寿命以及健康预期寿命占余寿比重更高。本文运用四期追踪数据能够动态地反应老年人一定时期内健康状况的变动情况，同时，在居住方式这一切入点上将婚姻状态纳入考虑，所得结论更具针对性。
Based on the four longitudinal data of CLHLS 2008~2018, this paper used the multistate life table method to estimate and analyze the healthy life expectancy of the elderly aged 65~99 years under four living modes. They were single living alone, single living with family members, married living with spouse alone, and married living with spouse and family members. The results show that the trend of miniaturization in the residential structure of elderly families is becoming increasingly prominent. Different living styles have a significant impact on the healthy life expectancy of the el-derly. And the inclusion of marital variables in the way of living can more accurately reflect the health and life expectancy of the elderly. Compared with those living with spouse only, those living with spouse and family members had a higher proportion of healthy life expectancy. The proportion of healthy life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the remaining life of unmarried elderly people is higher than that of those living with family. The four-period tracking data can dynamically reflect the changes of health status in a certain period. At the same time, the marriage status was taken into account in the living modes, and the conclusions were more relevant.