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冬种油菜对棉田养分状况和生态经济效益的影响
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Abstract:
针对棉花单作存在连作障碍和冬季闲田问题，本文引入油菜到棉花种植中，探究了棉花单作、油菜绿肥–春棉轮作、油菜–短季棉轮作三个种植模式下，土壤养分差异和生态经济效益。结果表明：与对照相比，油菜绿肥–春棉轮作显著提高土壤中有机质、氮、磷、钾养分状况，尤其是速效养分；而油菜–短季棉轮作在保证油棉双熟前提下，可以维持土壤现有肥力状况，并且亩收益高于棉花单作。因此，油菜–短季棉轮作模式利用冬闲田发展油菜生产，不仅可以提升油料产量，还可以充分发挥其养地优势提高后茬作物产量、增加种植收益，对维护我国食用油供给安全、助力农业绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。
In this study, rape was introduced into cotton planting to resolve continuous cropping barriers and winter fallow fields. This study investigated the differences in soil nutrient status and eco-economic benefits among three cultivation patterns: cotton monoculture, green-manure-rape and cotton ro-tation, and oilseed rape-short-season cotton rotation. The results showed that compared with the cotton monoculture, green-manure-rape and cotton rotation significantly increased soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, especially available nutrients. The oilseed rape-short-season cotton rotation can not only maintain soil fertility but also gain a higher yield than cotton monoculture. Therefore, the oilseed rape-short-season cotton rotation can exploit winter fallow fields to improve rape production, which is of great significance for maintaining the security of the edible oil supply and supporting the sustainable development of agriculture in China.
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