中西方主流媒体公共危机话语互动式元话语对比研究——以《中国日报》和《纽约时报》为例
A Comparative Study of Interactional Metadiscourse on Public Crisis Discourse in Chinese and Western Mainstream Media—Taking China Daily and New York Times as an Example

本文基于Hyland元话语理论，以《中国日报》和《纽约时报》关于新冠疫情公共危机的报道为语料，运用分析工具UAM Corpus Tool 3.0进行对比分析，总结其元话语特征，并据此对当前中西方主流媒体关于公共危机话语互动式元话语的特征进行解析。从元话语的总体分布来看，《纽约时报》公共危机话语互动式元话语的使用频次远高于《中国日报》公共危机话语互动式元话语，表明互动式元话语在西方主流媒体的公共危机话语中较为广泛的运用。中西方主流媒体公共危机话语均频繁使用介入标记语，较少使用态度标记语，使公众参与到自己的话语中，形成良好的人际关系，塑造说话者在听众心目中的形象，提高领导者在公众心目中的可信度。此外，模糊语，增强语、自我提及语在《中国日报》和《纽约时报》中的使用存在显著性差异，说明中西方主流媒体公共危机话语作为较权威的话语，均呈现出建议、呼吁、拉近距离的特点，用词准确，旨在公平公正地陈述客观事实，全面有效地化解危机。
Based on Hyland’s metadiscourse theory, this paper takes the reports of China Daily and The New York Times on the public crisis epidemic as the corpus, uses the analytical tool UAM Corpus Tool 3.0 to conduct a comparative analysis to summarize their metadiscourse features, and accordingly analyzes the features of the interactive metadiscourse in the current mainstream media of China and the West on the discourse of public crisis. In terms of the overall distribution of metadiscourse, the frequency of interactive metadiscourse in public crisis discourse of The New York Times is much higher than that of interactive metadiscourse in public crisis discourse of China Daily, indicating that interactive metadiscourse is more widely utilized in the public crisis discourse of Western mainstream media. Both Chinese and Western mainstream media public crisis discourse frequently use intervention markers and less frequently use attitude markers to involve the public in their discourse, form good interpersonal relationships, shape the speaker’s image in the listener’s mind, and improve the credibility of the leader in the public’s mind. In addition, there is a significant difference in the use of hedges, boosters, and self-mentions in China Daily and The New York Times, indicating that the public crisis discourse of mainstream media in China and the West, as a more authoritative discourse, is characterized by suggestions, appeals, and bringing people closer together, with accurate wordings aimed at stating the objective facts fairly and impartially, and comprehensively and effectively resolving the crisis.