活力营造视角下乡村公共空间景观优化策略——以南京桦墅村为例
Strategies for Optimizing Rural Public Space Landscape from the Perspective of Vitality Creation—A Case Study of Huashu Village, Nanjing

随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展，中国乡村地区“空心化”日益严重，传统的乡村公共空间活力缺失，社会关联情势和人际交往布局日渐衰败，一个充满活力的乡村公共空间是维系乡村居民情感的纽带。笔者依据层次分析法的应用原则，构建出乡村公共空间活力评价指标体系，进而运用德尔菲法由专家对评价体系各级指标的重要性进行分析，确定平均得分并且基于层次分析法建立判断矩阵，确定其指标权重。本文以南京桦墅村为例，运用五分制法结合指标权重及相关计算法则，得出桦墅村公共空间活力的综合得分以明确其活力评价等级，且进一步通过IPA分析方法探索桦墅村活力均衡发展的策略。最终得出影响桦墅村乡村公共空间整体活力最大的指标为生态活力，空间活力和设施活力次之，文化活力最差，依据各级活力指标得分，笔者从整体、自然、人文和人工四个景观空间方面提出活力提升策略，以期为乡村公共空间建设提供技术途径和方法指导。
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, rural areas are facing increasing \"hollowing out\" issues, resulting in a lack of vitality in traditional rural public spaces. Social connections and interpersonal interactions in these areas have been declining. A vibrant rural public space serves as a bond to maintain the emotional connection among rural residents. Based on the principles of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the author constructs an evaluation index system for the vitality of rural public spaces. The Delphi method is then applied to analyze the importance of each level of indicators in the evaluation system, determine the average scores, and establish a judgment matrix using AHP to determine the indicator weights. Taking Huashu Village in Nanjing as a case study, the author employs a five-point scale method combined with indicator weights and relevant calculation rules to determine the comprehensive score of the vitality of Huashu Village's public spaces, thereby clarifying its vitality evaluation level. Furthermore, the author explores strategies for balanced development of vitality in Huashu Village through the application of the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The study concludes that ecological vitality has the greatest impact on the overall vitality of Huashu Village's rural public spaces, followed by spatial vitality and facility vitality, while cultural vitality lags behind. Based on the scores of each vitality indicator, the author proposes strategies for enhancing vitality from four aspects: overall, natural, cultural, and artificial landscapes, aiming to provide technical approaches and methodological guidance for the construction of rural public spaces.