Rationale of a Cross Sectional Descriptive Study on Knowledge and Practices of Healthcare Providers on Postpartum Hemorrhage Management in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Background: Healthcare Providers’ knowledge and practice
of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management are essential to reduce maternal
morbidity and mortality. PPH is a public health problem due to the high
maternal mortality (MM) associated with it worldwide (25%). Improving the
quality of PPH management is a major challenge in low-income countries where,
despite the progress made in its management, PPH remains a major contributor to
maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: We will evaluate the level
of knowledge and practices of providers in
the PPH management in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods: This study will
be descriptive and cross-sectional. The minimum sample size will be 86. Our
study population will consist of delivery room care providers. Results will be reported as percentage proportion and mean plus or
minus standard deviation. Comparisons of means between groups will be
made using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s
chi-square test. The test will be statistically significant for a p value < 0.05. Data will be
collected and processed anonymously and confidentially.
References
[1]
UNICEF, WHO Africa, SAGO and UNFPA (2018) Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Africa. 3rd Edition, Provider Guide.
[2]
Carroli, G., Cuesta, C., Abalos, E. and Gulmezoglu, A.M. (2008) Epidemiology of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Systematic Review. Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22, 999-1012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004
[3]
Gary Cunningham, F., Leveno, K.J., Dashe, J.S., Hoffman, B.L., Spong, C.Y. and Casey, B.M. (2022) Williams Obstetrics. 26th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 731-748.
[4]
Deneux, T.C., Bonnet, M.P. and Tort, J. (2014) Epidemiology of Post-Partum Haemorrhage. Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction, 43, 936-950.
[5]
Estevenon, M. (2020) Evolution of the Incidence of Postpartum Haemorrhage and the Resulting Second-Line Treatments, within a Type III Maternity Ward. Human Medicine and Pathology. https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03176514
[6]
Widmer, M., Piaggio, G., Hofmeyr, G.J., Carroli, G., Coomarasamy, A., Gallos, I., et al. (2020) Maternal Characteristics and Causes Associated with Refractory Postpartum Haemorrhage after Vaginal Birth: A Secondary Analysis of the WHO CHAMPION Trial Data. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 127, 628-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16040
[7]
Fina Lubaki, J.P., Musiti Ngolo, J.R. and Zikudieka Maniati, L. (2010) Active Management of Third Stage of Labour, Post-Partum Haemorrhage and Maternal Death Rate in the Vanga Health Zone, Province of Bandundu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2, a76.
https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v2i1.76
[8]
Hamm, R.F., Wang, E., O’Rourke, K., Romanos, A. and Srinivas, S.K. (2019) Institution of a Comprehensive Postpartum Hemorrhage Bundle at a Large Academic Center Does Not Immediately Reduce Maternal Morbidity. American Journal of Perinatology, 36, 15-21.
[9]
Lynn, M., Yee, L.M., McGee, P., Bailit, J.B., Reddy, U.M., Wapner, R.J. and Varner, M.W. (2019) Daytime Compared with Nighttime Differences in Management and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 133, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003033
[10]
Nigussie, J., Girma, B., AMolla, A., Tamir, T. and Tilahun, R. (2022) Magnitude of Postpartum Hemorrhage and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Reproductive Health, 19, Article No. 63.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01360-7
[11]
Farquhar, C., Sadler, L., Masson, V., Bohm, G. and Haslam, A. (2011) Beyond the Numbers: Classifying Contributory Factors and Potentially Avoidable Maternal Deaths in New Zealand, 2006-2009. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 205, 331.E1-331.E8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.07.044
[12]
Bazant, E., Rakotovao, J.P., Rasolofomanana, J.R., Tripathi, V., Gomez, P., Favero, R., at al. (2013) Quality of Care to Prevent and Treat Postpartum Hemorrhage and Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: An Observational Assessment in Madagascar’s Hospitals. Médecine et Santé Tropicales, 23, 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1684/mst.2013.0161
[13]
Bouvier-Colle, M.H., Ouedraogo, C., Dumont, A., Vangeenderhuysen, C., Salanave, B., Decam, C. and MOMA Group (2001) Maternal Mortality in West Africa. Rates, Causes and Substandard Care from a Prospective Survey. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 80, 113-119.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.080002113.x
[14]
World Health Organization (2014) WHO Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage.
[15]
Bouet, P.E., Madar, H., Froeliger, A., El Hachem, H., Schinkel, E., Mattuizi, A. and Sentilhes, L. (2019) Surgical Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage: National Survey of French Residents of Obstetrics and Gynecology. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19, Article No. 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2237-3
[16]
Cancedda, C., Farmer, P.E., Kyamanywa, P., Riviello, R., Rhatigan, J., Wagner, C.M., et al. (2014) Enhancing Formal Educational and in-Service Training Programs in Rural Rwanda: A Partnership among the Public Sector, a Nongovernmental Organization, and Academia. Academic Medicine, 89, 1117-1124.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000376
[17]
Vendittelli, F., Barasinski, C., Pereira, B., Dreyfus, M., Lemery, D. and Bouvier-Colle, M.H. (2016) Policies for Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: The HERA Cross-Sectional Study in France. European Journal of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 205, 21-26.
[18]
Carnahan, L.R., Geller, S.E., Leshabari, S., Sangu, W., Hanselman, B. and Patil, C.L. (2016) Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge and Practices Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage during Facility Delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 135, 268-271.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.05.013
[19]
Nadisauskiene, R.J., Kliucinskas, M., Dobozinskas, P. and Kacerauskiene, J. (2014) The Impact of Postpartum Haemorrhage Management Guidelines Implemented in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review of the Literature. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 178, 21-26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.03.051