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Medical Diagnosis 2023
肾细胞癌的高危因素
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Abstract:
肾细胞癌是一种常见的恶性癌症，在美国，肾细胞癌的发病率在男性中占据第六位，女性中占据第十位，其中在男性和女性患者所有肿瘤中分别占据3%和5%。在过去20余年中，肾细胞癌的诊断和治疗水平不断进步，但是肾细胞癌仍然是泌尿系统中最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。随着医学水平的进步以及在诊疗过程中影像学检查使用的推进，越来越多的患者存在偶发肾细胞癌的现象。虽然偶发的肾细胞癌检测出的病灶大多都是小肿瘤，但是仍有17%的患者在发现时伴有远处转移。因此肿瘤的预防和通过早期筛查发现肾癌，对于患者的预后是极有好处的。通常在组织学上，肾细胞癌会分为透明细胞癌，乳头状肾细胞癌，嫌色细胞癌，肾集合管癌和未分类细胞癌，其中最为常见的类型为透明细胞癌，其次为乳头状肾细胞癌。由于肾透明细胞癌通常在晚期发现，所以肾透明细胞癌的特异生存率最差。为了进一步保护大众生命健康，探究影响肾癌的高危因素，本文就肾癌的危险因素进行综述。
Renal cell carcinoma is a common malignant cancer, in the United States, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma in male is sixth, up the tenth of women, which in all patients with cancer in both men and women occupies 3% and 5% respectively. In the past 20 years, the level of diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma continues to advance, but renal cell carcinoma is still one of the most fatal tumors in urinary system. With the progress of medical level and the advancement of imaging ex-amination in the process of diagnosis and treatment to use, the phenomenon of incidental renal cell carcinoma exists in more and more patients. Although sporadic renal cell carcinoma detected le-sions are mostly small tumors, but there are still 17% of the patients with distant metastasis when found. Therefore kidney cancer prevention and the early screening are of great benefit to the prog-nosis of patients. Usually on histology, renal cell carcinoma was divided into clear cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, suspicion color cell carcinoma, renal collecting duct carcinoma and unclassified cells, among which the most common type is clear cell carcinoma, followed by papillary renal cell carcinoma. Due to renal clear cell carcinoma usually found in the late, so the specific sur-vival rate of the renal clear cell carcinoma is the worst. In order to further protect the public life and health, to explore the risk factors of influence of kidney cancer, this paper summarized risk factors of the kidney cancer.
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