论西田几多郎的伦理思想——基于《善的研究》
The Ethical Theory of Nishida Kitaro—Based on The Study of Goodness

何为善？一直是伦理学的重要研究问题，日本最具代表性的哲学家西田几多郎的“纯粹经验”概念为我们提供了一条不同于传统的新路径，《善的研究》是西田的首部著作，也奠定了他伦理思想的基础。西田对于西方各种关于善的学说有着深刻的理解，在批判自古以来诸伦理学说的不足的基础上他构建起了活动主义的伦理观；又以意志和实在的发展完成作为“善”的终极发展，并明确阐释了“善”概念的真谛，他认为善就是“自我的发展完成”，即“人格的实现”，真正的善乃是达到主客合一的境界、实现人与宇宙本体的统一。西田的伦理思想是东西哲学交流碰撞下的灿烂火花，彰显了东方哲学的独特魅力，在世界哲学的发展史上为我们呈现了一条与西方文化殊途同归的道路。
What is goodness? It has always been an important research issue of ethics. As the most representative philosopher in Japan, the concept of “the pure experience” of Nishida Kitaro provides us with a new path different from the traditional one. The study of goodness is Nishida’s first masterpiece, which lays the foundation of his ethical thought. He is not completely in accordance with the logic tradition of western philosophy, but integrated into the experience of oriental Buddhism. With “the pure experience” as the starting point, Nishida criticized the shortcomings of various ethical theories since ancient times, and then constructed his ethical view of activism. The ultimate development of “goodness” is the completion of the development of will and reality, and the true meaning of the concept of “goodness” is clearly explained. He believes that goodness is “the completion of self-development”, that is “the realization of personality”. True goodness is to achieve the unity of subject and object, and the unity of man and the universe. Nishida’s ethical thought is a brilliant spark under the collision of East-West philosophy communication, constructs a moral philosophy system with the color of oriental philosophy, and presents us valuable ideas in the history of world philosophy.