市场化改革、企业活力与经济高质量发展
Market-Oriented Reform, Enterprise Vitality and High-Quality Economic Development

制度改革是保障长期发展的主要措施。本文以市场化改革为核心的制度变迁为切入点，运用中国287个地级市2004~2019年面板数据和工具变量等方法，实证分析了其对经济高质量发展的影响。在理论分析基础上匹配了上市公司数据和工业企业数据，定量分析了市场化改革对经济高质量发展的影响效应与作用机制。结果发现：市场化改革提升了经济高质量发展水平，主要通过激发企业家精神、提升城市创业热情与提高企业创新数量、改进创新质量来实现。进一步地，从区位、城市行政等级等角度分析异质性，发现市场化改革对东部、中部地区和高行政等级城市的经济高质量发展水平提升明显，但对西部地区和一般行政等级城市的提升效果有限。本文结论为深化制度改革推进经济高质量发展提供了参考。
System reform is the key to ensuring development in the long run. This paper sets the analytical target on market-oriented system reform, and uses methodologies such as panel data and instrumental variable in 287 cities in China between 2004 and 2019 for empirical analysis of the influence of system reform on high-quality economic development. Along with theoretical analysis, we looked into data of public companies and industrial enterprises, quantitatively analyzing the influence of market-oriented system reform on high-quality economic development and the relevant mechanism. The results show: Market-oriented system reform would help boost high-quality economic development, mainly by way of encouraging entrepreneurship, promoting city-wide enthusiasm for startups, improving the quantity and quality of innovations. Furthermore, we also analyzed the differences in different regions and cities. We found that market-oriented system reform would exert a more notable influence on high-quality economic development in eastern China, central China or cities of higher administrative level, while that in western China or cities of lower administrative level would be more limited. This paper would provide implication for further system reform and help promote high-quality economic development.