贵阳机场雷暴天气特征分析
Analysis of Thunderstorm Weather Characteristics in Guiyang Airport

对贵阳机场2012~2022年雷暴天气进行统计分析，发现：(1) 雷暴日数年际变化特征显著，年平均为40 d，最多(少)为60 d (30 d)；雷暴发生日数夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季；1~10月均有雷暴出现，主要集中在4~8月(5月最多)，11、12月无雷暴发生；日变化特征明显(多夜雷)；初雷(终雷)一般出现在冬末或初春(夏末或秋初)，82%的初雷持续时间在2 h内；(2) 雷暴在贵阳机场西北方向发生的概率最大，其次为偏西、西南及偏南方向；在偏东方向结束的概率最大，其次为偏南、偏北及东南方向；(3) 雷暴持续时间多在2 h (含)内，占73.2%；其次为2~4 h (含)，占19.2%；连日雷暴(2 d或以上)出现次数年平均为9.64次，最多(少)13次(7次)，每次连日雷暴以连续出现2 d占多数，约67%；连续出现3 d的占22%；(4) 雷暴常伴随中阵雨天气。
A statistical analysis was conducted on thunderstorm weather at Guiyang Airport from 2012 to 2022, and it was found that: (1) The interannual variation characteristics of thunderstorm days were significant, with an annual average of 40 days and a maximum (minimum) of 60 days (30 days); The number of thunderstorm occurrence days is summer > spring > autumn > winter; Thunderstorms occur from January to October, mainly concentrated in April to August (with the highest frequency in May), and there are no thunderstorms in November and December; Distinct diurnal variation characteristics (frequent night thunderstorms); The initial thunder (final thunder) generally occurs in late winter or early spring (late summer or early autumn), with 82% of the initial thunder lasting within 2 hours; (2) The probability of thunderstorms occurring in the northwest direction of Guiyang Airport is the highest, followed by the west, southwest, and south directions; The probability of ending in the easterly direction is the highest, followed by the southerly, northerly, and southeastern directions; (3) The duration of thunderstorms is mostly within 2 hours (inclusive), accounting for 73.2%; Next is 2~4 hours (including), accounting for 19.2%; The average annual occurrence frequency of consecutive thunderstorms (2 days or more) is 9.64, with a maximum (minimum) of 13 (7) occurrences. The majority of consecutive thunderstorms occur for 2 days each time, accounting for about 67%; 22% showed continuous appearance of 3 days; (4) Thunderstorms are often accompanied by moderate showers.