论趋向动词“上”“下”的用法、语法化与不对称性
On the Usage, Grammaticalization and Asymmetry of Directional Verbs “Shang” and “Xia”

本文运用文献研究、语料分析、语义研究等方法，对趋向动词“上”和“下”的意义、用法、语法化过程和不对称现象进行比较全面的研究。首先以动词词性为核心，研究“上”和“下”作为实义动词的用法，分析它们与名词和动词的搭配。在此基础上，从历时的角度梳理“上”和“下”的语法化，即从实义动词到趋向补语的虚化，揭示出在此过程中“上”和“下”产生的大量义项和丰富用法。最后，本文探讨不对称的现象以及成因，创新性地提出了“典型趋向义”和“非典型趋向义”的概念，认为“上”和“下”的不对称现象既归因于语言自身，同时也受到生理、心理、文化等多种因素的影响。
This paper used literature research, corpus analysis, semantic research and other methods to con-duct a more comprehensive study of the meaning, usage, grammaticalization process and asym-metry of directional Verbs “shang” and “xia”. Firstly, taking verbs as the core of the study, the paper studies the usage of “shang” and “xia” as notional verbs, and analyzes their collocations with nouns and verbs. On this basis, the grammaticalization of “shang” and “xia” is analyzed from the diachronic point of view, that is, from the notional verb to the blurring of the directional complement, and a large number of meanings and rich usages of “shang” and “xia” are revealed in this process. Finally, this paper discusses the phenomenon of asymmetry and its causes, and innovatively puts forward the concepts of “typical directional meanings” and “atypical directional meanings”, arguing that the asymmetry of “shang” and “xia” is not only attributed to the language itself, but also influenced by physiological, psychological, cultural and other factors.