This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics of
groundwater impacted by waste dumps through computation of different
hydrogeological/chemical indices and related health risk assessment of major
heavy metals (HVM) in relation to different population groups in Keffi
Metropolis. Samples from ten (10) groundwater sources were collected for
analysis. Results revealed that the concentration of major cations from the
samples was in the order: Ca2+ > Na++K+ > Mg2+, while major anionic constituents were in the order: HCO3-？>？CO32-？>？SO42-？> Cl- > F- respectively. Water quality index (WQI) computed indicated
that the groundwater of the study area is not suitable for domestic purposes
particularly drinking as some of the parameters exceed the WHO guidelines.
Generally, the HVM hazard quotients (HQ) of non-carcinogenic (NC) and
carcinogenic toxicity (TC) for both population groups were lower (HQ < 1)
indicating that the groundwater within the study areas did not pose current
significant risk. Non-carcinogenic risk uncertainty analysis by Monte Carlo
simulations (MCS) further indicated that risk levels of HVM in GW were lower (HQ < 1). Despite the findings in this study, it is important
that regular monitoring of GW quality is done in order to ensure that water is
potable and prevent human health risks.
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