OBE导向、自主学习与数据融合——土建专业在线开放课程新范式
OBE Orientation, Self-Directed Learning and Data Integration—A New Paradigm for Online Open Courses in Civil Engineering Major

传统工程教育难以适应新经济时期社会对土建类工程师的需求，互联网技术为教学提供了新的发展机遇。由于缺乏理论指导，现有在线开放课程建设陷入到传统教学模式的路径依赖，课程目标不明确，知识安排缺乏逻辑，教学资源与信息技术融合深度不够。文章提出在课程建设中引入OBE理念，从培养目标出发，反向进行课程设计；基于《华盛顿协议》“知识、能力和态度”三维一体的毕业要求框架创建课程目标；采用“负反馈”闭环控制教学目标的执行；遵循大学生自主学习规律，按知识流动规律优化知识供给。新模式将数据分析技术与课程教学有机融合，收集学情数据，为教学管理和教学设计提供系统的、实时的决策支持；开展多维数据分析和跨域关联，为实现个性化教学与智慧教学提供基础。文章勾画了土建类工科专业在线课程建设的理论框架和以数据科学赋能工程教育的实施路线，具有推广价值。
Traditional engineering education can hardly adapt to society’s demand for civil engineers in the new economic era, and Internet technology provides new development opportunities for teaching. Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, the construction of existing online open courses has fallen into the path of dependence on the traditional teaching mode, with unclear course objectives, lack of logic in knowledge arrangement, and insufficient depth of integration of teaching resources and information technology. Taking the course “Construction of Water Supply and Drainage” as an example, the article introduces the OBE concept in course construction, starting from the training objectives and reversing the course design; creating course objectives based on the three-dimensional graduation requirement framework of “knowledge, ability and attitude” of the Washington Agreement; adopts “negative feedback”. The course objectives are created based on the three-dimensional graduation requirement framework of “knowledge, ability and attitude” of the Washington Agreement. The new model organically integrates data analysis technology with course teaching, collects data on learning conditions, and provides systematic and real-time decision support for teaching management and teaching design; performs multidimensional data analysis and cross-domain correlation, and provides a basis for realizing personalized teaching and intelligent teaching. The article outlines a theoretical framework for the construction of online courses for civil engineering majors and an implementation route for empowering engineering education with data science, which has the value of promotion.