浅析儒道社会治理思想之比较
A Comparison of Confucian and Taoist Social Governance Thoughts

先秦时期孕育着众多经典学派，它们的思想体系深刻影响着各朝代国家制度、社会治理、历史文化的建立与发展乃至朝代的兴衰胜败和更迭变迁。儒家的“仁政”和道家的“无为而治”等治理思想对今天中国的社会发展仍具有时代价值。然而，儒家和道家的思想在某些层面又有所差别，儒家强调“民本君末”的国家观，“天下为家”的社会观，追求“仁礼一体”的道德境界。相反，道家在国家治理上追求“民主君辅”，在社会观上追求“天下为公”，充分彰显了“道法自然”的天地境界。
During the pre-Qin period, there were many classical schools of thought that profoundly influenced the state system, social governance, the establishment and development of history and culture, and even the rise and fall of dynasties and their changes. Confucianism’s “benevolent government” and Taoism’s “rule by doing nothing” are still of contemporary value to the social development of China today. However, Confucianism and Taoism differ in some aspects, as Confucianism emphasizes the state view of “the people are the foundation of the government”, the social view of “the world is the family”, and the pursuit of “benevolence and propriety as one”. Confucianism emphasizes the state view of “the people are the foundation of the king”, the social view of “the world is the family”, and the pursuit of the moral state of “benevolence and propriety. On the contrary, Taoism pursues the “democratic ruler’s support” in the governance of the state and the “world as a public good” in the view of society, fully manifesting the realm of heaven and earth of “the way of nature”.