培根的实验科学思想浅析
A Brief Analysis of Bacon’s Experimental Philosophy

出于恢复人类神圣权力的历史使命，培根致力于人间知识的重建工程。在考察了认识现况的基础上，为克服旧工具中理性“对自然的冒测”，培根提出了以实验为基础来解释自然的新方法。通过从实验到表格汇编再到排除归纳的程式，培根尝试规划一个由感官到印象再到理性的循序阶梯，在人类理性中建立起一个物质世界的真实范式。借助实验对经验和理性的综合，培根开创了全新的自然认识形式，将科学研究导向了现代科学的方向；但其理论排斥数学，在宇宙论上回归了形而上学，也存在一定问题。
Motivated by the historical mission of restoring the divine power of mankind, Bacon devoted himself to the project of reconstruction of earthly knowledge. On the basis of his examination of the present state of knowledge, and in order to overcome the “presumption of reason” over nature in the old methods, Bacon proposed a new method of interpreting nature on the basis of experiments. Through the program from experiment to table compilation to exclusionary induction, Bacon tried to plan a sequential ladder from sensation to impression to reason, and establish a real paradigm of the material world in human reason. With the help of experiments to synthesize experience and reason, Bacon pioneered a new form of natural understanding and oriented scientific research in the direction of modern science; however, his theory, which excluded mathematics and returned to metaphysics in terms of cosmology, was also somewhat problematic.