豫中地区防御型传统村落空间特征分析——以郏县临沣寨为例
Spatial Characteristics Analysis of Traditional Defensive Villages in Central Henan Province—Taking Linfeng Village in Jiaxian County as an Example

在豫中地区，明清时期,由于各类民间起义不断，社会秩序混乱，匪患严重常袭扰附近村落。村民为自保，开始相继建立民用堡寨，传统乡村聚落开始发挥有效的防御作用。豫中传统村落营建过程中，受当地的地理环境、风俗习惯、建筑技艺等方面的影响，各地民用防御性聚落表现出很强的地域性特征，在村落的规划和建设方面具有很高的研究价值。本文以豫中传统村落郏县临沣寨为例，从村落防御和营建角度出发，运用文献分析法、实地调研法、空间句法等方法，对村落选址、空间布局、街巷空间、民居建筑的防御性特征进行分析，临沣寨作为村堡它的防御体系具有“选址、寨墙、街巷、民居”四层明显的层级性的结论，为豫中防御型传统村落的研究保护参考。
In central Henan, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to various kinds of civil uprisings, the social order was in disorder, and bandits frequently harassed nearby villages. In order to protect themselves, the villagers began to build civil forts one after another, and the traditional rural settlements began to play an effective role in defense. In the process of the construction of traditional villages in central Henan Province, influenced by the local geographical environment, customs and architectural skills, the civil defensive settlements in various places show strong regional characteristics, which has high research value in the planning and construction of villages. Taking Linfeng Village in Jiaxian, a traditional village in central Henan Province as an example, this paper analyzes the defensive characteristics of village location, spatial layout, street space and residential buildings from the perspective of village defense and construction by using literature analysis, field investigation and space syntax. As a village fort, Linfeng Village’s defense system has four distinct levels of “site selection, walled walls, streets and dwellings”, which is a reference for the study and protection of traditional defensive villages in central Henan.