全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Discoloration Range and Shroud Image Depth Values Cannot Be Satisfied by the Same Proton Energy

DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2023.138096, PP. 1224-1232

Keywords: Shroud of Turin, Body Image Formation, Radiative Hypothesis, Proton Model, Discoloration Effects Range

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

The radiative hypothesis has been revisited showing other characteristics, produced by the protons used as dyes in total disagree with the ones of the Body Image that appears on the Shroud of Turin. Our investigations highlight that for the protons to reach 3.7 cm in air, the distance that measures the range of discoloration effects, must be emitted with an energy of about 1.5 MeV using Wilson and Brobeck’s empirical formula and 1.35 MeV using Bethe’s. This last formula provides a result closer to reality. Bethe shows that the penetration depth is greater than that calculated empirically. Such a value of proton energy (1.35 MeV) makes it possible to satisfy the discoloration effects range for the Shroud but it is incompatible with a depth of penetration in linen that is only 200 nm. Moreover, using the same subatomic particles, we obtained on the colored linen a distribution of energy represented by regression but not linear. Thus, also the possible I(z) correlation, between color intensity and body-sheet distance, which should be due to the oxidizing action of protons, does not agree

References

[1]  Evans, R.D. (1955) The Atomic Nucleus. Mc-Graw-Hill Inc., New York.
[2]  Meyerohf, W.E. (1967) Elements of Nuclear Physics. Mc-Graw-Hill Inc., New York.
[3]  Moe, H.J., Lusak, S.R. and Schumaker, M.C. (1971) Radiation Safety Technicians Training Course Argonne National Laboratory. Industrial Hygiene and Safety Division, Chicago.
[4]  Fazio, M. (1973) Enciclopedia della Fisica, Fisica Nucleare. Volume II-Sezione XI, 108. Istituto Editoriale Internazionale, Milano.
[5]  Carter, G. (1984) Formation of the Image on the Shroud of Turin by Xray: A New Hypothesis. ACS. Advances in Chemistry. Archaeological Chemistry III, 205, 425-446.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1984-0205.ch021
[6]  Tamburelli, G. (1985) An Image Resurrection of the Man of the Shroud. Shroud Spectrum International, 15, 3-6.
[7]  Rinaudo, J.B. (1994) Protons Model. British Society for the Turin Shroud. Newsletter, 38, 13-16.
[8]  Rinaudo, J.B. (1995) Nouveau Mecanisme de formation de l’image sur le Linceul de Turin, ayant pur entrainer une fausse radiodatation medievale. F.-X. De Guibert Editor, L’Identification Scientifique de l’Homme du Linceul, Jesus de Nazareth. Acts du Symposium Scien-tifique International, Rome 1993, Paris, 293-299.
[9]  Little, K. (1997) The Formation of the Shroud’s Body Image. Newsletter, 46, 19-26.
[10]  Antonacci, M. (2012) The Resurrection of the Shroud. M. Evans & Co., Inc., New York.
https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE12.376
[11]  Antonacci, M. (2012) Particle Radiation from the Body Could Explain the Shroud’s Images and Its Carbon Dating. Scientific Research and Essays, 7, 2613-2626.
[12]  Rucker, R.A. (2016) Information Content on the Shroud of Turin.
https://0201.nccdn.net/1_2/000/000/139/c42/information-content-on-the-shroud-of-turin.pdf
[13]  Antonacci, M. (2016) Test the Shroud. Forefront Publishing Co., St. Louis.
[14]  Lind, A.C. (2017) Image Formation by Protons. International Conference on the Shroud of Turin. Washington DC.
https://www.testtheshroud.org/articles
[15]  Rucker, R.A. (2021) Forensic Science and the Shroud of Turin. Forensic Science & Addiction Research, 5, 433-434.
https://doi.org/10.31031/FSAR.2021.05.000623
[16]  Rucker, R.A. (2022) The Mysteries of the Shroud of Turin. Material Evaluation, 80, 24-26.
https://doi.org/10.32548/2022.me-02022
[17]  Fazio, G., Mandaglio, G. and Anastasi, A. (2019) Describing, Step by Step, the Shroud Body Image Formation. Heritage, 2, 34-38.
https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010003
[18]  Fazio, G. (2020) The Shroud Body Image Generation. Immanent or Trascendent Action? Scientia et Fides, 8, 33-42.
https://doi.org/10.12775/SetF.2020.003
[19]  Fazio, G. (2022) Could the VUV Radiation Yield the Shroud Body Image? Global Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology, 12, Article ID: 555837.
[20]  Fazio, G. (2022) The Body Image on the Shroud Was Not Produced by Protons. Scientific culture, 8, 17-21.
[21]  Fanti, G., Botella Munoz, J.A., Di Lazzaro, P., Heimburger, T., Schneider, R. and Svensson, N. (2010) Microscopic and Macroscopic Characteristic of the Shroud of Turin Image Superficiality. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 54, 40201-1-40201-8.
https://doi.org/10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.4.040201
[22]  McCown, T.M. (1977) Cloth-Body Distance on the Holy Shroud of Turin. Proceedings of the 1977 United States Conference of Research on the Shroud of Turin, Albuquerque, 23-24 March 1977, 59-66.
[23]  Jackson, J.P., Jumper, E.J. and Ercoline, R.W. (1982) Three Dimensional Characteristics of the Shroud Image. IEEE 1982 Proceeding International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, Seattle, 28 October 1982, 559-575.
[24]  Jackson, J.P., Jumper, E.J. and Ercoline, R.W. (1984) Correlation of Image Intensity on the Turin Shroud with 3D Structure of Human Body Shape. Applied Optics, 23, 2244-2270.
https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.23.002244
[25]  Ercoline, R.W., Downs Jr, R.C. and Jackson, J.P. (1982) Examination of the Turin Shroud for Image distortion. IEEE 1982 Proceedings International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, New York, October 1982, 576-579.
[26]  Vignon, P. (1902) Le Linceul du Christ. Etude Scientifique. Libraires de l’Academic de Medicine. Masson et Cie Editeurs, Paris.
[27]  Vignon, P. (1902) Response à M. Vernes. Revue Scientifique, 22, 623-628.
[28]  Vignon, P. and Wuenshel, E.A. (1937) The Problem of the Holy Shroud. Scientific American, 156, 162-164.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0337-162
[29]  Vignon, P. (1938) La Sant Suarie de Turin devant la Science, l’Archeology, l’Histoire, l’Iconographic, la Logique. Masson et Cie Editeurs, Paris.
[30]  Delage, Y. (1902) Le Linceul de Turin. Lettre à M.C. Richet. Le Revue Scientique, 22, 683-687.
[31]  Wilson, R.A. (1947) Range, Straggling and Multiple Scattering of Fast Protons. Physical Review Journals Archive, 71, 385-386.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.385
[32]  Bethe, H.A. (1950) The Range-Energy Relation for Slow α-Particles and Protons in Air. Reviews of Modern Physics, 22, 213-219.
https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.22.213
[33]  Jumper, E.J., Adler, A.D., Jackson, J.P., Pellicori, S.F., Heller, J.H. and Druzik, J.R. (1984) A Comprehensive Examination of the Various Stains and Images on the Shroud of Turin. ACS. Advances in Chemistry. Archaeological Chemistry III, 205, 447-476.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1984-0205.ch022
[34]  Fazio, G. (2016) The Scientific Approach vs the Open “Linen of Turin Question” Is It the Right One? Journal of the Textile Institute, 107, 1607-1609.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1130959

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133