榆林煤炭开发过程中区域水土保持及生态环境趋优的社会经济机制研究
Social and Economic Mechanisms of Regional Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Improvement As a Result of Coal Mining in Yulin

作为全国主要能源基地，榆林市在平衡煤炭产业与生态环境关系上做出了重要贡献，水土流失及生态破坏问题得到明显改善。基于此背景，本文创新性的以榆林市煤炭开发对水土保持及生态环境的正面影响为研究视角，采用Tobit模型分析煤炭开发的生态环境响应度的社会经济影响因素。结果显示：1) 1996~2020年榆林市煤炭开发指数明显低于生态环境指数，且均呈现波动上升趋势，说明生态环境整体趋好；2) 1997~2020年榆林市煤炭开采的生态环境响应指数与响应度集中在零附近波动，正响应指数多于负响应指数，说明煤炭开发在一定程度上促进了生态环境的改善，且两者关系相对稳定；3) 地区经济发展水平、第一与第三产业结构对榆林市煤炭开发的生态环境响应度有显著的正向影响。据此，本研究从助力煤炭产业发展、提高第一与第三产业比重、加强煤炭企业与各级部门联系、增强煤炭产业反哺生态环境能力、推进生态环境补偿机制等方面为煤炭产业的可持续发展提供建议，进一步保证地区经济发展与资源开采间的良性的发展。
As a major energy base in China, Yulin has made important contributions to the balance between the coal industry and the ecological environment, and the problems of soil erosion and ecological destruction have been significantly improved. With this background, This paper innovatively takes the positive impact of coal development on the soil and water conservation and ecological environment in Yulin City as a case study to analyze the socio-economic factors by Tobit model. The results showed that: 1) The coal development index of Yulin was significantly lower than the ecological environment index from 1996 to 2020, both showing an upward trend of fluctuation, indicating the overall ecological environment is improving. 2) The eco-environmental response index and responsiveness of coal mining in Yulin mainly fluctuated around zero from 1997 to 2020, and the positive response index was significantly more than the negative response index. Coal development promoted the improvement of ecological environment to a certain extent, and the relationship between the two was relatively stable. 3) The level of regional economic development, the first and the third industry structure of coal development of Yulin city have significant positive influence on ecological environment responsivity. On this basis, this study from promoting the coal industry development, raising the proportion of the first and the third industry, strengthening the relationship of the coal enterprises and other departments, enhancing the feedback capability of the ecological environment for the coal industry, promoting the ecological environment compensation mechanism and so on to provide suggestions for coal industry sustainable development, further guarantee benign development between economic development and resources exploitation.