太原方言中“来”的虚词语法功能探究
A Study on the Grammatical Function of the Function Word “Lai” in Taiyuan Dialect

“来”在晋语中具有重要的语法功能，太原方言中的“来”的使用方面较为丰富，且大多数情况是单用，即不与其他虚词连用。首先，“来”可以作为助词在动词后或者句尾，充当过去时的标记，表示句中的动作或者事件发生的时间在参照时间之前；其次，“来”具有语气词的功能，可以用在句尾或者句中体现说话人的不同语气；第三，“来”可以充当代词和情态补语中的后缀成分来实现其语法功能。对“来”三种虚词功能以及其中特殊用法的分析，可以观察到“来”在发展过程中语法功能的变化。
“Lai” has an important grammatical function in Jin dialect, and the use of “Lai” in Taiyuan dialect is relatively rich, and most of the cases are single use, that is, not combined with other function words. First of all, “lai” can be used as an auxiliary after the verb or at the end of a sentence to mark as past tense, indicating that the action or event in the sentence occurred before the refer-ence time; Secondly, “lai” has the function of a modal particle, which can be used at the end or middle of a sentence to reflect the speaker’s different moods; Thirdly, “lai” can serve as a suffix component in pronouns and modal complements to achieve its grammatical function. The analysis of the functions and special usages of the three functional words “lai” can observe the changes in grammatical functions of “lai” during its development.