浙江开化县国家级公益林甜槠种群结构及伴生群落特征
Population Structure and Companion Community Characteristics of the Castanopsis eyrei in National Public Welfare Forest of Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province

【目的】甜槠是亚热带中部山区国家公益林的主要建群种，研究其种群结构及伴生群落特征对探讨中亚热带公益林植被演替规律具有重要意义。【方法】浙江开化县国家公益林分布有大面积甜槠群落，该研究采用固定样地和典型取样相结合的方法，对其小样地内甜槠种群结构及伴生群落物种组成、乔灌层物种多样性、垂直成层及个体径级结构等特征进行了探讨。【结果】1) 浙江开化县国家级公益林甜槠径级结构呈现“金字塔型”，幼苗较多，种群年龄结构属增长型。2) 浙江开化县国家级公益林中，甜槠能够在常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林中生长，但是在常绿阔叶林中生长优势较大，在针阔混交林中生长优势较弱。3) 乔木层和灌木层中1号样地的生物多样性各种指数基本上高于2号和3号样地，这是因为1号样地海拔低，水热条件比较好，因此生物多样性较多。4) 环境因子均对甜槠产生一定的影响，海拔越高，空气湿度越大，光照充足，枯枝落叶厚度比较大，受人为干扰比较小，土壤发育比较好，水热条件比较好，有利于甜槠的生长、发育和更新。【结论】本地区甜槠群落垂直结构比较复杂，幼苗比较多，群年龄结构属增长型，不同环境因素对甜槠种群的影响存在差异。
Objective: Castanopsis eyrei is the main constructive species of the national public welfare forest in the central mountainous area of the subtropical zone. The study of its population structure and associated community characteristics is of great significance to the discussion of the vegetation succession law of the central subtropical public welfare forest. Method: A large area of Castanopsis eyrei community is distributed in the national public welfare forest in Kaihua County, Zhejiang. This study used a combination of fixed sample plots and typical sampling. The characteristics of Cas-tanopsis eyrei population structure and associated community species composition, arbor and shrub species diversity, vertical stratification and individual diameter class structure in the small plot were discussed. Result: 1) The diameter structure of Castanopsis sylvestris, a national public welfare forest in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province, presents a “pyramid type”, with more seedlings, and the population age structure is an increasing type. 2) Among the national public welfare forests in Kaihua County, Zhejiang, Castanopsis sylvestris can grow in evergreen broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, but it has a greater growth advantage in evergreen broad-leaved forests and a weaker growth advantage in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests. 3) In the arbor layer and shrub layer, the biodiversity indexes of plot 1 are basically higher than those of plots 2 and 3. This is because plot 1 has a low altitude and better hydrothermal conditions, so the biodiversity is relatively higher. 4) Environmental factors all have a certain impact on Cas-tanopsis sylvestris. The higher the altitude, the greater the air humidity, the more light, the thicker litter and the less human interference, the better the soil development, and the better water and heat conditions. These are conducive to the growth, development and renewal of Castanopsis. Conclusion: The vertical structure of the Castanopsis eyrei community in the area is relatively complex, with more seedlings, and