元宇宙背景下非物质文化遗产数字化的挑战与应对
The Challenges and Countermeasures of the Digitalization of Intangible Cultural Heritages in the Context of Metauniverse

元宇宙浪潮下，数字技术与非遗文化相结合成为数字时代非遗传承与保护的趋势。元宇宙为非遗传承带来了新的生机，推动了非遗文化的活态传承，赋能非遗数字化转型。但由于目前缺乏成熟有效的非遗数字化规范，具有元宇宙技术特征的非遗数字化实践在采集存储与管理、交互式传播与再生产、创造性再生产等方面，面临着建设主体权责不清、相关主体利益冲突、数字藏品监管缺位等挑战。对此，应立足新技术应用的制度保障，建议引入“参与式数字化保护”理念，确立非遗传承人的核心地位，通过加快制定相关政策法规，优化非遗私权激励机制，构建非遗数字化监管体系，形成多元有效的应对策略，从而有效助力非遗文化传承。
Under the wave of the metauniverse, the combination of digital technology and intangible cultural heritage has become a trend in the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage in the digital era. The metauniverse has brought new vitality to the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, promoting the active inheritance of intangible cultural heritage culture, and empowering the digital transformation of intangible cultural heritage. However, due to the lack of mature and effective specifications for intangible cultural heritage digitization, the intangible cultural heritage digitization practice with the characteristics of the meta universe technology is faced with such challenges as unclear rights and responsibilities of construction subjects, conflict of interests of relevant subjects, and absence of digital collection supervision in terms of collection, storage and management, interactive communication and reproduction, and creative reproduction. Based on the institutional guarantee of new technology application, it is recommended to introduce the concept of “participatory digital protection”, establish the core position of inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, accelerate the formulation of relevant policies and regulations, optimize the incentive mechanism for intangible cultural heritage private rights, build a digital supervision system for intangible cultural heritage, and form diverse and effective response strategies to effectively assist in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.