乡村振兴背景下“资本下乡”的影响机制分析——基于S村的案例研究
The Influence Mechanism and Empirical Analysis of “Capital Going to the Countryside” under the Background of Rural Revitalization—Based on the Case Study of S Village

“资本下乡”是乡村发展的重要路径，对乡村社会的影响是全方位且不定向的，如何理解其影响生成的机制与逻辑具有学理与实践的双重意义。以S村资本下乡的实践为案例，本文在“结构–过程”理论范式下将外来资本塑造乡村社会变迁的过程整合进“产权赋能”的分析框架内，总结下乡资本塑造影响乡村社会发展的微观机制。研究发现，下乡资本通过土地流转、土地整合等路径实现土地产权的变革，而产权的变革赋予资本改造乡村产业、促进农民分化、获取治理地位的能力，以此实现外来资本对乡村社会变迁的深刻影响。通过加大政策关注力度、构建外来资本与本土村庄的共同体、节制外来资本的产权转移等路径以实现下乡资本助力乡村振兴乃至共同富裕建设的长期目标。
As a highly valued rural development path, the impact of “capital going to the countryside” on rural society is omnidirectional and non-directional. How to understand the mechanism and logic of its impact generation has both theoretical and practical significance. Taking the practice of capital going to the countryside in S village, Z City, S Province as a case, this paper integrates the process of rural social change shaped by foreign capital into the analytical framework of “property empowerment” under the theoretical paradigm of “structure-process”, and summarizes the micro-mechanism of rural social development influenced by capital going to the countryside. It is found that the capital sent to rural areas realizes the reform of land property rights through land transfer and land integration, and the reform of property rights gives the capital the ability to transform rural industries, promote the differentiation of farmers and obtain the governance status, so as to realize the profound impact of foreign capital on rural social changes. Finally, the paper proposes to increase policy attention, build a community between foreign capital and local villages, and control the transfer of property rights of foreign capital and other policy suggestions, so as to realize the long-term goal of rural revitalization and common prosperity construction of rural capi-tal.