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重构与新生：灾难对城市发展的影响机制探究——以1871年芝加哥大火为例
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Abstract:
1871年的芝加哥大火是美国历史上重大的城市灾难，但也是该市实现现代化转型的重要契机。本文以这场大火为切入点，在考察大火造成的破坏之余，更着眼于灾后重建与发展的历程，探讨了灾难对城市发展的影响机制，深入解析了灾难如何促成社会变革、推动经济创新、塑造文化认同和催生现代化的都市空间。本文认为，灾难在使城市陷入危机与失序的同时，亦为其重构和新生提供了难得的机遇。最后，本文总结芝加哥大火与城市发展的内在关联，旨在为当前城市应对未知突发灾难提供一些借鉴和思考。
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 was a major urban disaster in American history, but also a crucial opportunity for the city to achieve modern transformation. This article takes this fire as a starting point, and focuses on the process of reconstruction and development after the disaster, while examining the damage caused by the fire. It explores the impact mechanism of disaster on urban development, and analyzes how disaster promotes social change, stimulates economic innovation, shapes cultural identity and fosters modern urban space. This article argues that disaster, while plunging the city into crisis and disorder, also provides a rare opportunity for its reconstruction and renewal. Finally, this article summarizes the intrinsic connection between the Chicago fire and urban development, aiming to provide some reference and reflection for the current urban response to unknown sudden disasters.
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