碳排放权的新型数据财产权属性研究
Research on the New Data Property Right Attributes of Carbon Emission Right

碳排放权作为一个新兴事物，存在法律概念与不同的学理概念。其法律概念为分配给重点排放单位的规定时期内的碳排放额度。文章认为碳排放权是权利主体在规定时期内向大气排放一定量温室气体的权利，其法律属性应明确为新型数据财产权。通过对新型数据财产权的由来与沿革分析，将碳排放权与新型数据财产权进行对比，从权利主体、客体、权利属性、权能构成方面进行具体论证。两者权利主体一致；将碳排放权的客体界定为“数据财产”能够表现碳排放权是具有特定价值的数据结合体；在权利属性方面兼具公私法律属性；在权能构成方面，将其定性为新型数据财产权能够更好实现数据资源快速流转，促进节能减排工作。随后本文展开介绍了将碳排放权定义为新型数据财产权的功能。综上以阐明将其定性为新型数据财产权的理论的可行性和现实考量。
As a new thing, carbon emission right has different concepts of law and theory. Its legal concept is carbon emission quotas allocated to key emitters for a specified period of time. This paper holds that carbon emission right is the right of the subject to emit certain amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere within a prescribed period, its legal attributes should be clearly defined as a new type of data property right. Based on the analysis of the origin and evolution of new data property right, this paper compares carbon emission right with new data property right, and makes a concrete demonstration from the aspects of subject, object, attribute and function of rights. Defining the object of carbon emission right as “data property” can show that carbon emission right is a combination of data with specific value; it has both public and private legal attribute in the attribute of right; and in the component of power, defining carbon emission right as new data property right can better realize the rapid circulation of data resources and promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Then, this paper introduces the function of defining carbon emission right as new data property right, in order to clarify it as a new type of data property right of the theoretical feasibility and practical considerations.