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Modern Linguistics 2023
现代汉语主观极量构式“X得不像样”
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Abstract:
“X得不像样”是现代汉语常见的一个主观极量构式，它由变项“X”和固定项“得”与“不像样”构成。该构式整体表达一种极性程度，体现出言者对变项“X”所代表的某一主体的动作行为或性质状态达到极量程度的主观评价。在该构式中，X主要是由具有可计量性的性质形容词和动作动词充当；句法功能上，该构式具有极大的灵活性，可以充当句子的谓语、宾语、定语、补语和复句分句；语用功能主要是体现在强调凸显功能、主观评价功能和夸张功能上。
“X De Buxiangyang”, a common subjective maximum construction, is composed of variable component “X”, the definite component “De (得)” and “Buxiangyang (不像样)”. This construction expresses a degree of polarity as a whole, reflecting the speaker’s subjective evaluation of the maximum degree of the action behavior or property state of a subject represented by the variable “X”. In this construction, X is mainly composed by quantifiable property adjectives and action verbs; In terms of syntactic function, this construction has great flexibility and can be used as predicate, object, attribute, complement and clause of complex sentence; pragmatic functions are mainly embodied in highlighting, subjective evaluation and exaggeration.
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