我国国家公园立法的问题与建议研究
Research on the Issues and Suggestions of National Park Legislation in China

在《湿地公约》第十四届缔约方大会开幕式上的致辞中，总书记提及我国将陆续设立一批国家公园。我国国家公园首批试点工作在2020年已经完成，但国家公园建设仍处于探索阶段。理论界和实务界偏爱“一园一法”的立法模式，该管理模式兴起的原因包括了特定的政治和法律背景，其主要功能是实现对每个国家公园的个性化管理。但立法目的没有实现，于是立法机关选择了国家公园法和“一园一法”的“法律 + 行政法规”的立法模式。尽管在2018年就已提出制定《国家公园法》的议案，但立法进程缓慢。《国家公园法(草案)》中仍在审议中，国家公园建设的分区管控标准不一、野生动物致损补偿主体不明、地方政府评价考核规定不完善、国际合作规则不完整、特许经营不成熟等问题仍有待国家公园立法解决。
In his speech at the opening ceremony of the 14th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Wetlands, the General Secretary mentioned that China will establish a number of national parks one after another. The first pilot work of national parks in China was completed in 2020, but the construction of national parks is still in the exploratory stage. The legislative model of “one park, one law” is favored by both theoretical and practical circles. The reasons for the rise of this management model include specific political and legal backgrounds, and its main function is to achieve personalized management of each national park. But the legislative purpose was not achieved, so the legislature chose the legislative model of “law + administrative regulations” of the National Park Law and the “One Park, One Law”. Although a bill to enact the National Parks Act was proposed in 2018, the legislative process has been slow. The National Park Law (Draft) is still under review, and issues such as inconsistent zoning control standards for national park construction, unclear compensation subjects for wildlife damage, incomplete local government evaluation and assessment regulations, incomplete international cooperation rules, and immature franchise management still need to be addressed through national park legislation.