刑事案件中对第三人涉案财物的处置研究
Research on Property Disposal of the Third Party Involved in Criminal Cases

刑诉法虽然写明，审判机关在判决中应当将涉案财产处置及追缴财产状况列清，但是司法实践时公安机关往往忽视对刑事涉案财物的查处，尤其是财物性质以及相应的来源、去向等证据的收集和证明缺位，财物处置后的救济渠道不够完善等问题依然存在。财产权作为一项极其重要的私权利，在面对刑事审判这一具有强制性的国家公权力时，亟需程序公正之保护。本文以刑事法律规定和司法解释相结合，在《民法典》有关公民财产权利保护、善意取得规则之规定的框架下，从追缴的额度、追缴时间的确定以及追缴后的程序保障等等进行完善，规范司法处置的流程，通畅第三人的申辩渠道，以解决第三人涉案财物的追缴和救济之间的平衡。
Although it is stated in the criminal procedure law that the judicial organ should make a clear list of the disposal and recovery of the property involved in the judgment, the public security organ often ignores the investigation and treatment of the property involved in the criminal case in judicial practice. In particular, the collection and proof of evidence such as the nature of the property and the corresponding source and destination are lacking. Problems such as inadequate relief channels after disposal of property still exist. Property rights, as an extremely important private right urgently requires the protection of procedural fairness when facing the criminal trials that has coercive state authority. Based on the combination of criminal law provisions and judicial interpretation, under the framework of the Civil Code’s provisions on the protection of citizens’ property rights and bona fide acquisition rules, this paper improves the amount of recovery, the determination of recovery time and the procedural guarantee after recovery, standardizes the process of judicial disposal, and clears the channels for the third party to plead to solve the third party involved in the property recovery and relief between the balance.