论医务人员的紧急救助义务
On the Emergency Rescue Duty of Medical Personnel

《民法典》第1005条规定了法定组织和个人负有保障生命权、身体权、健康权受到侵害或处于危难情形的自然人及时救助的义务。医务人员在公共场所实施紧急救助行为，其主观意图是避免他人的生命健康权免受进一步损害，不同于医疗执业范围内的行为性质，造成的损害结果责任亦不同于医疗损害赔偿责任，依法应当适用《民法典》第184条予以免责。对医务人员实施的紧急救助行为造成的损害豁免其民事责任具有一定的正当化基础，构建和谐的医患关系需要明确区分义务救助和自愿救助的性质，另外，只有切实地清除医务人员在紧急救助中的法律风险，才能实现患者利益最大化的目标。
Article 1005 of the Civil Code stipulates that legal organizations and individuals have the obligation to ensure that the right to life, body and health is violated or in a situation of distress natural person timely assistance. The subjective intention of medical personnel to carry out emergency rescue in public places is to avoid further damage to the life and right to health of others, which is different from the nature of the behavior within the scope of medical practice, and the liability for the result of the damage is also different from the liability for compensation for medical damage, and Article 184 of the Civil Code should be exempted according to law. It is necessary to clearly distinguish the nature of obligatory and voluntary assistance in order to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, and only by effectively removing the legal risks of medical personnel in emergency assistance can the goal of maximizing patients’ interests be achieved.