论预防性环境公益诉讼的“重大风险”
On the “Significant Risk” of Preventive Environmental Public Interest Litigation

在环境保护由实际损害的事后追责转换为预防性保护的背景下，新的环境保护制度应运而生，与此同时，在生态文明保护入宪后，预防性环境保护就成为了一种必然的发展趋势，预防性环境保护的转型面对的是更多的不确定性，环境公益诉讼中“重大风险”从环境行为存在的潜在危害着手分析，运用“科技 + 法律”的手段探析预防性环境公益诉讼的可行性与科学性；从范围和程度上细化“重大风险”，以致于认定更准确、更合理；从明确认定主体出发，确保人民法院的认定责任与权力的统一，防止认定主体的错位。
In the context of the shift from ex post facto to precautionary environmental protection, a new environmental protection system has emerged, and with the inclusion of ecological civilization protection in the Constitution, precautionary environmental protection has become an inevitable development trend. The “significant risk” in environmental public interest litigation is a scientific analysis of the potential hazards of environmental actions, and the feasibility of using “technology + law” to analyze preventive environmental public interest litigation; the scope and extent of the “significant risk” is refined to make the determination more accurate and reasonable. The scope and extent of the determination of “significant risk” are refined to make it more accurate and reasonable; and the responsibility and power of the people’s courts are clarified to ensure the unity of the determination and prevent the misalignment of the determination.