乡村振兴背景下成都市耕地保护的外部性及经济补偿机制研究
Research on the Externality and Economic Compensation Mechanism of Cultivated Land Protection in Chengdu under the Background of Rural Revitalization

随着我国城市化进程不断加快，耕地非农化、非粮化等一系列问题逐渐凸显，作为乡村振兴顺利推进的关键一步，耕地保护的任务迫在眉睫。与此同时，耕地保护的外部性并不仅被个人享有，而是被社会成员无条件共享的特性，使作为理性的经济人的耕地所有者并不愿意保护耕地，导致大量耕地资源利用效率低下或荒废等现象。耕地保护政策是社会利益的集中体现，也是政府为解决土地资源在全社会的利益分配基础上而制定的公共政策。解决耕地外部性内部化的重要方式之一就是建立健全耕地保护经济补偿机制。因此，文章从公共经济学的视角出发，结合乡村振兴的大背景，运用相关理论分析耕地保护的外部性，对耕地保护的经济补偿机制进行探讨，同时，以成都市为典型案例进行分析，发现问题，提出建议，为今后科学合理保护及利用耕地，以及政府制定耕地保护的政策提供参考依据。
Along with our country urbanization process constantly speeding up, a series of problems such as cultivated land non-agriculture, non-grain fertilizer gradually highlighting, as the key step of rural revitalization smooth advancement, the task of cultivated land protection is imminent. At the same time, the externality of cultivated land protection is not only enjoyed by individuals, but shared unconditionally by social members. As a rational economic man, cultivated land owners are not willing to protect cultivated land, resulting in a large number of inefficient use of cultivated land resources or abandoned phenomena. The cultivated land protection policy is the concentrated embodiment of social interests and also the public policy formulated by the government to solve the problem of land resources in the benefit distribution of the whole society. One of the important ways to solve the internalization of the externality of cultivated land is to establish and perfect the economic compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection. Therefore, from the perspective of public economics, combined with the background of rural revitalization, this paper uses relevant theories to analyze the externalities of cultivated land protection, and discusses the economic compensation mechanism of cultivated land protection. At the same time, Chengdu City is taken as a typical case for analysis, problems are found, and suggestions are put forward for scientific and reasonable protection and utilization of cultivated land in the future, providing reference basis for the government to formulate farmland protection policy.