浅析药品专利保护与公共健康的平衡问题
Research on Related Issues of Drug Patent Protection

20世纪后期，TRIPS协定的达成代表了国际知识产权制度的建立，在医药领域，专利制度作为医药产业从高成本高风险的药品研发中收回成本、获取利润的最重要因素，发达国家过度的药品专利保护降低了经济水平较低的发展中国家药品可及性，不可避免地与公共健康维护发生冲突。如何实现药品专利保护与公共健康之间的平衡，是药品专利保护中最具代表性的问题。不同国家的解决措施体现了不同的利益需求。各国应根据国情选择立场和采取措施；发展中国家应合理运用TRIPS协定修正后认可的强制许可、平行进口和Bolar例外等措施维护好本国利益；中国可以通过知识产权制度助推制药企业积极研发新药，提高创新能力，也可以兼顾专利药和仿制药发展，通过药品专利保护制度的完善促进我国仿制药发展，更好地保障公共健康。
In the late 20th century, the TRIPS agreement represented the establishment of the international intellectual property system. The patent system is the most important factor for the pharmaceutical industry to recover cost and gain profit from the high-cost and high-risk drug R&D. Excessive patent protection in developed countries reduces access to medicines in developing countries with lower economic levels, and inevitably conflicts with public health maintenance. How to achieve the bal-ance between drug patent protection and public health is the most representative problem in drug patent protection. The settlement measures of different countries reflect different interests. Countries should choose their positions and adopt measures according to their national conditions, and developing countries should use compulsory licensing, parallel import and Bolar exception measures to safeguard their national interests. China can promote pharmaceutical enterprises to actively research and develop new drugs and improve their innovation ability through the intellectual property system, and can also take into account the development of patent drugs and generic drugs, and promote the development of generic drugs in our country through the improvement of drug patent protection system, better safeguard public health.