实行行为危险性判断的教义学分析——以特殊体质问题为切入点
Hermeneutic Analysis of the Risk of Act of Perpetrating—Taking Special Physical Constitution as the Breakthrough Point

特殊体质并不属于介入因素，在因果关系领域内讨论既没有依据，亦使实行行为危险性的判断虚置，因此应当在实行行为领域进行研究。基于罪刑法定原则、平等保护原则以及一般预防作用的发挥的要求，被害人的特殊体质不得作为实行行为危险性的判断资料，但是认定不存在实行行为则放弃了对脆弱法益的保护，因此是不可接受的。在明确真正的客观不法论与主观不法论的前提下，可认为我国刑法理论上的修正的客观危险说、具体危险说都十分重视主观要素，并且客观归责理论并不适用于故意的作为犯。因此，将典型的特殊体质问题转化为行为人对被害人特殊体质的特别认知，即可从主观不法方面为行为不法提供根据，从而进一步肯定实行行为的存在。基于对行为本体的检讨，可以认为行为人的主观意思包括故意和特别认知，后者是作为实行行为的构成要素为实行行为的危险性提供根据的。
Special physical constitution is not the intervening factor, there is no basis for discussion in the theory of causation, or it will make the judgment of the risk of act of perpetrating empty. The issue should be studied in the theories of act of perpetrating. Based on the requirements of the principle of criminality, equal protection and the general preventive role, the special physical constitution of the victim cannot be used as a data for judging the risk of act of perpetrating. However, denying the existence of act of perpetrating abandons the protection of vulnerable legal interests, which is therefore unacceptable. Under the premise of clarifying the true theories of wrongdoing between objectivism and subjectivism, it can be considered that the modified objective danger theory and the specific danger theory in the theory of criminal law in our country attach great importance to subjective elements, and the theory of objective imputation is not applicable to an intentional crime by act. Therefore, transforming the special physical constitution problem into the actor’s special cognition of the victim’s special constitution can provide a basis for the handlungsunrecht in the subjective aspect, thus further affirming the existence of act of perpetrating. Based on the review of the ontology of the act, it should be considered that the subjective meanings of the actor include intention and the special cognition, the latter provides the basis for the risk of act of perpetrating.