操作规范视角下《西游记》英文重译本比较研究
A Comparative Study of Two English Reranslations of Xi You Ji Based on Gideon Toury’s Theory of Operational Norms

一直以来典籍重译现象普遍存在，如《西游记》就有超过六十种英译版本，其中阿瑟？韦利的《猴》和蓝诗玲的《猴王：西游记》均为企鹅出版社出版，影响广泛。本文借鉴图里翻译规范理论中的操作规范，对这两个《西游记》英译本进行描写性对比研究，着重讨论在母体规范和篇章-语言规范的制约下两个译本从宏观结构到微观层面上呈现出的不同，分析两位译者所采取的不同翻译策略及其表现出的不同翻译倾向，并借助译者惯习探究两译本产生不同之处的可能原因。研究发现，韦利倾向源语规范，着力追求译文的充分性；蓝诗玲则更倾向译语规范，强调译文的可接受性。本文揭示了从早期译本《猴》到重译本《猴王：西游记》的变化趋势与重译假说中不断向原作回归的规律并不完全相符，以期对中国文学走出去提供借鉴。
The retranslation of literary canon is a widespread phenomenon all the time. Among over 60 English translation versions of Xi You Ji, Arthur Waley’s Monkey and Julia Lovell’s Monkey King: Journey to the West, both published by Penguin Press, have been in the best-seller lists. Based on Gideon Toury’s theory of operational norms, this paper presents a descriptive comparative study of these two English translations of Xi You Ji. It discusses the different translation strategies adopted by the two translators and their different translation tendencies by focusing on the differences between these two translations from macro to micro levels. Furthermore, the article also explores the possible reasons for the differences from the perspective of the translator’s habitus theory. It is found that Waley, who tends to source language norms, focuses on the adequacy of the translation, while Lovell, on the contrary, places more emphasis on the acceptability of the translation. At last, this study reveals that the changing translation tendency from the early translation Monkey to the retranslation Monkey King: Journey to the West is not entirely consistent with the returning trend described in the retranslation hypothesis, with a view to enlightening the practice of Chinese literature translations going out.