网络直播打赏诈骗的因果关系认定
Causal Relationship Determination of Online Live Streaming Reward Fraud

网络直播发展潜藏通过粉丝打赏实施诈骗犯罪的刑事风险，认定网络直播打赏诈骗的关键在于主播欺骗行为与粉丝打赏之间因果关系的认定。因果认定一元论下条件说的反面判断逻辑易使处罚范围扩大，原因说、合法则的条件说和相当因果关系说的正面判断标准局限于事实判断。网络直播打赏诈骗的因果关系具有复杂化特点，在风险社会下应秉持因果认定二元论，在归因阶段采取条件说考量原因行为，在归责阶段采取客观归责理论对各原因行为进行规范评价，通过因果关系认定划分罪与非罪界限，实现犯罪打击与人权保障之间的平衡。
The development of online live streaming hides the criminal risk of fraud through fan rewards. The key to determining the fraud of online live rewards lies in the causal relationship between the host’s deceptive behavior and fan rewards. Under the monism of causal determination, the negative judgment logic of the conditional theory tends to expand the scope of punishment, while the positive judgment criteria of the causal theory, the conditional theory of legality and the equivalent causal theory are limited to factual judgment. The causal relationship of online live reward fraud is complicated. Under the risk society, we should uphold the dualism of causal identification, adopt the conditional theory in the attribution stage to consider the cause behavior, adopt the objective responsibility theory in the attribution stage to standardize the evaluation of the cause behavior, divide the boundaries between crime and non crime through causal identification, and achieve the balance between crime strike and human rights protection.