煤矿采空区变电站地基基础沉降灾害风险预控
Risk Prevention and Control of Foundation Settlement Hazards for Substations in Coal Mine Goaf Area

我国煤炭采空区广泛分布，位于采空区的老城改造和城镇化发展对用电需求不断增加，使得越来越多变电站需建设在煤矿采空区。地基基础沉降灾害风险预控一直是煤矿采空区变电站工程建设和防灾减灾面临的重要挑战。本文首先阐述了煤矿采空区地表变形机制及沉降特征阶段，明确了采空区变电站地基基础沉降灾害的诱发因素及致灾机理，在此基础上分别从采空区勘测与场地评价、基础设计各环节质量管控、地基基础沉降监测与运行维护三方面，提出了采空区变电站地基基础沉降灾害的风险预控方法与技术，可作为今后采空区变电站工程建设参考。
Coal mine goaf areas are widely distributed in China. The old city renovation and urbanization development in coal mine goaf areas continue to increase the demand for electricity. As a result, more and more substations need to be built in mine goaf regions. The risk prevention and control of settlement hazards is an important issue for the construction and disaster prevention and reduction of substations in coal mine goaf areas. In this study, the surface deformation mechanism and settlement characteristic stages of coal mine goaf areas is firstly elaborated. Then, the inducing factors and disaster causing mechanisms of settlement disasters in goaf substations are clarified. As a result, the risk prevention and control methods of substations in coal mine goaf areas are put forward from three aspects: controlling the reliability of the goaf survey and site evaluation, controlling the quality of all links of foundation designs, and controlling the settlement monitoring and maintenance during whole processes of operation. The results in this study can provide a new guidance for substation constructions and their disaster prevention and reduction work in coal mine goaf areas.