Outcome after Discharge from Hospital of Children with Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition and Predictors Factors of Non-Response during Outpatient Treatment, in Senegal
Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem. It is responsible for high
morbidity and mortality in children aged 6 - 59 months. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of children
with complicated severe acute malnutrition after hospital discharge. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional
study conducted from March 1 to November 31, 2021 at the Albert Royer
Children’s Hospital. Children discharged from hospital for complicated severe
acute malnutrition were included. Results: A total of 103 children were
included. The mean age of children at hospitalization was 16.41 ± 10.11 months
and mean duration of follow-up after hospital discharge was 29.63 ± 8.59
months. Three children (2.91%) died after hospital discharge. The mean z-score of
the weight-for-currentheight was -
References
[1]
UNICEF, WHO, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank (2019) Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2019 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[2]
Kambale, R.M. and Francisca, I.N. (2022) Optimising the Management of Acute Malnutrition. The Lancet Global Health, 10, e453-e454.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00087-0
[3]
Dipasquale, V., Cucinotta, U. and Romano, C. (2020) Malnutrition in Children: Pathophysiology, Clinical Effects and Treatment. Nutrients, 12, Article No. 2413.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082413
[4]
WHO (2013) Guideline: Updates on the Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Infants and Children. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[5]
Adepoju, A.A. and Allen, S. (2019) Malnutrition in Developing Countries: Nutrition Disorders, a Leading Cause of Ill Health in the World Today. Paediatrics and Child Health, 29, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2019.06.005
[6]
Ulahannan, S.K., Wilson, A., Chhetri, D., Soman, B. and Prashanth, N.S. (2022) Alarming Level of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Indian Districs. BMJ Global Health, 7, e007798. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007798
[7]
World Health Organisation Malnutrition Key Fact.
https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition
[8]
Desyibelew, H.D., Bayih, M.T., Baraki, A.G. and Dadi, A.F. (2020) The Recovery Rate from Severe Acute Malnutrition among under-Five Years of Children Remains Low in Sub-Saharan Africa. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLOS ONE, 15, e0229698.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229698
[9]
WHO (2006) WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[10]
The Sphere Project: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/1257.pdf
[11]
Wagnew, F., Dessie, G., Takele, W.W., Tadesse, A., Islam, S.M.S., Mulugeta, H., et al. (2019) A Meta-Analysis of Inpatient Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Predictors of Mortality among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 19, Article No. 1175.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7466-x
[12]
Yazew, K.G., Kassahun, C.W., Ewnetie, A.W., Mekonen, H.K. and Agagez, E.S. (2019) Recovery Rate and Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Treatment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Systematic Reviews, 13, Article No. 323. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1249-4
[13]
Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M., Dumbura, C., Amadi, B., Chasekwa, B., Ngosa, D., Majo, F.D., et al. (2022) Recovery of Children Following Hospitalisation for Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18, e13302.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13302
[14]
O’Sullivan, N.P., Lelijveld, N., Rutishauser-Perera, A., Kerac, M. and James, P. (2018) Follow-up between 6 and 24 Months after Discharge from Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6 - 59 Months: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE, 13, e0202053. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202053
[15]
Adegoke, O., Arif, S., Bahwere, P., Harb, J., Hug, J., Jasper, P., et al. (2021) Incidence of Severe Acute Malnutrition after Treatment: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study in Sokoto, Nigeria. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 17, e13070.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13070
[16]
Somassè, Y.E., Dramaix, M., Bahwere, P. and Donnen, P. (2016) Relapses from Acute Malnutrition and Related Factors in a Community-Based Management Programme in Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12, 908-917.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12197
[17]
Bitew, Z.W., Alemu, A. and Worku, T. (2020) Treatment Outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Predictors of Recovery in Under-Five Children Treated within Outpatient Therapeutic Programs in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Pediatrics, 20, Article No. 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02188-5
[18]
Collins, S., Dent, N., Binns, P., Bahwere, P., Sadler, K. and Hallam, A. (2006) Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children. Lancet, 368, 1992-2000.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69443-9
[19]
López-Ejeda, N., Charle-Cuellar, P., Alé, F.G.B., álvarez, J.L., Vargas, A. and Guerrero, S. (2020) Bringing Severe Acute Malnutrition Treatment Close to Households Through Community Health Workers Can Lead to Early Admissions and Improved Discharge Outcomes. PLOS ONE, 15, e0227939.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227939
[20]
Kangas, S.T., Marron, B., Tausanovitch, Z., Radin, E., Andrianarisoa, J., Dembélé, S., et al. (2022) Effectiveness of Acute Malnutrition Treatment at Health Center and Community Levels with a Simplified, Combined Protocol in Mali: An Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients, 14, Article No. 4923. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224923
[21]
Grimbek, A. and Saloojee, H. (2022) Clinical and Growth Outcomes of Severely Malnourished Children Following Hospital Discharge in a South African Setting. PLOS ONE, 17, e0262700. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262700
[22]
Tadesse, Z., Tesome, D.F., Lakew, A.M., Debalkie, G. and Gonete, K.A. (2021) Time to Nutritional Recovery and Its Determinants Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to Stabilization Centers of Waghimra Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 60, 751-764.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2021.1907746
[23]
Scrimshaw, N.S., Taylor, C.E. and Gordon, J.E. (1968) Interactions of Nutrition and Infection. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[24]
Krwinkel, M.B. (2012) Interaction of Nutrition and Infections Globally: An Overview. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61, 39-45.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000345162
[25]
Katona, P. and Katona-Apte, J. (2008) The Interaction between Nutrition and Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46, 1582-1588. https://doi.org/10.1086/587658
[26]
Farhadi, S. and Ovchinnikov, R. (2018) The Relationship between Nutrition and Infectious Disease: A Review. Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal, 2, 168-172. https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_69_18
[27]
Vijayakumar, M., Bhaskaram, P. and Hemalatha, P. (1990) Malnutrition and Childhood Tuberculosis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 36, 294-298.
https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/36.6.294
[28]
Wagnew, F., Dejenu, G., Eshetie, S., Alebel, A., Workut, W. and Abajobir, A.A. (2019) Treatment Cure Rate and Its Predictors among Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Record Review. PLOS ONE, 14, e0211628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211628
[29]
Desyibelew, H.D., Fekadu, A. and Woldie, H. (2017) Recovery Rate and Associated Factors of Children Age 6 to 59 Months Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition at Inpatient Unit of Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital Therapeutic Feeding Unite, Northwest Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 12, e0171020.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171020
[30]
John, C., Diala, U., Adah, R., Lar, L., Envuladu, E.A., Adeleji, I., et al. (2018) Survival and Nutritional Status of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition, Six Months Post-Discharge from Outpatient Treatment in Jigawa State, Nigeria. PLOS ONE, 13, e0196971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196971