晚清社会知识分子思想“近代化”的进程、特点及其缓慢原因探析
Analysis of the Process, Characteristics and Slow Causes of the “Modernization” of Intellectuals’ Thought in Late Qing Society

晚清社会知识分子思想“近代化”经历和呈现出了对西方文化拒绝、恐慌、有限接受直至认同的缓慢过程和特点。究其思想“近代化”缓慢的主要原因：一是科举制度严重束缚了知识分子的思想；二是知识分子自身固有的传统的与国家关系的密切度；三是受到执政者晚清政府向后看思想的深刻影响。
The “modernization” of intellectuals in late Qing society experienced and presented the slow process and characteristics of rejection, panic, limited acceptance and identification with Western culture. The main reasons for the slow “modernization” of their ideology are: first, the imperial examination system has seriously constrained the thinking of intellectuals; second, the closeness of the intellectuals’ own inherent traditions with the state; third, it was profoundly influenced by the backward-looking thinking of the ruling late Qing government.