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葡萄糖氧化酶纳米材料在治疗肿瘤方面的研究进展
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Abstract:
葡萄糖氧化酶可与细胞内的葡萄糖和氧气发生反应，产生过氧化氢和葡萄糖酸，切断癌细胞的营养来源，从而抑制癌细胞的增殖。因此，葡萄糖氧化酶被认为是一种理想的内源性氧化还原酶，用于癌症饥饿治疗。这一过程可以通过增加缺氧和内环境的酸性进一步调节肿瘤微环境。葡萄糖氧化酶用于设计精准肿瘤治疗的多功能纳米复合材料提供了新的可能性。但天然葡萄糖氧化酶的制备和纯化费用昂贵，并具有免疫原性、体内半衰期短和全身毒性且葡萄糖氧化酶在暴露于生物条件后极易降解等缺点。这些缺陷将限制其在生物医学上的应用。一些纳米载体可以用来保护葡萄糖氧化酶不受周围环境的影响，从而控制或保持其活性。本文综述了其与金属–有机框架、金属纳米复合物、二氧化硅纳米颗粒、聚合物等多种纳米载体结合后用于构建基于葡萄糖氧化酶纳米平台协同癌症治疗的材料。
Glucose oxidase (Gox) can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and conse-quently inhibit their proliferation. Therefore, Gox is recognized as an ideal endogenous oxidore-ductase for cancer starvation therapy. This process can further regulate the tumor microenviron-ment by increasing hypoxia and acidity. Thus, Gox offers new possibilities for the elaborate design of multifunctional nanocomposites for tumor therapy. However, natural Gox is expensive to prepare and purify and exhibits immunogenicity, short in vivo half-life, and systemic toxicity. Furthermore, Gox is highly prone to degradation after exposure to biological conditions. These intrinsic short-comings will undoubtedly limit its biomedical applications. Accordingly, some nanocarriers can be used to protect Gox from the surrounding environment, thus controlling or preserving the activity. A variety of nanocarriers including metal-organic frameworks, metal nanocomposite, hollow meso-porous silica nanoparticles, and organic polymers are summarized for the construction of Gox-based nanocomposites for multi-modal synergistic cancer therapy.
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