题目结构类型对汉语二语写作词汇产出的影响研究
Study on the Influence of Essay Topic Structure Types in L2 Written Vocabulary Production

相同词汇水平的汉语学习者在写作中产出词汇的情况并不一致，且在面对不同结构类型的题目时，产出的词汇水平也存在差异。本文从题目结构类型入手，从词汇多样性、词汇复杂性、词汇密度、词汇错误四个方面评估二语学习者的产出词汇，通过研究汉语二语学习者写作题目结构类型与产出词汇的关系，使题目结构类型差异导致的产出词汇差异具象化。研究结果表明，限制题目结构开放度能够显著提升学习者产出词汇多样性，开放度高的题目更利于名词、代词的产出，而开放度低的题目更利于动词、形容词、副词、数词的产出。
Chinese learners with the same vocabulary level produce different vocabularies in their writing, and there are also differences in the level of vocabularies produced while facing questions of different structural types. Starting from the topic structure types, this paper evaluates the output vocabularies of second language learners from four aspects: lexical diversity, lexical complexity, lexical density, and lexical accuracy. By studying the relationship between the structural types of writing questions and the produced vocabularies of Chinese second language learners, the differences in produced vocabularies caused by the differences in the structural types of questions can be concreted and provided a reference for the teaching of Chinese second language writing. The results show that limiting the openness of topic structure can significantly improve the lexical diversity of learners’ output. Questions with high openness are more conducive to the output of nouns and pronouns, while questions with low openness are more conducive to the output of verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.