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1990~2018年山东省花蜜产量的时空变化研究
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Abstract:
花蜜是蜜蜂等传粉者重要的食物来源，为蜜蜂的生长、发育、繁殖提供能量，对授粉服务的供给有重要影响。本研究基于山东省各土地利用类型蜜粉源植物分布、蜜粉源植物花蜜产量、蜜粉源植物丰度、蜜粉源植物产蜜质量等数据，统计了6种土地利用类型花蜜总产量，并利用ArcGIS分区统计工具计算出山东省各县区花蜜产量。林地、草地、耕地具有较高花蜜产量，平均单位花蜜产量分别为66.5 kg/ha、6.1 kg/ha、14.9 kg/ha。研究发现，1990~2018年，全省有75.03%地区出现了花蜜产量下降，全省平均单位花蜜产量下降了1.72 kg/ha，菏泽、聊城、济南、淄博、潍坊等地区下降严重。临沂、潍坊、青岛应减少人工管理蜂群的数量，以维持花蜜生产与蜜蜂采集平衡；济南、烟台、菏泽、聊城、威海地区可以适当增加人工蜂群数量；日照、滨州、泰安、德州应鼓励大力发展当地的蜜蜂养殖产业，充分发挥花蜜产量优势。
Nectar is an important food source for pollinators such as bees, which provides energy for the growth, development and reproduction of bees and has an important impact on the supply of pollination services. Based on the data of nectar plant distribution, nectar yield, nectar plant abundance and nectar quality of different land use types in Shandong Province, this study counted the total nectar yield of six land use types, and calculated the nectar yield of counties and districts in Shandong Province by using ArcGIS zoning statistical tools. Forest land, grassland and cultivated land have higher nectar yield, and the average unit nectar yield is 66.5 kg/ha, 6.1 kg/ha and 14.9 kg/ha respectively. It is found that from 1990 to 2018, 75.03% of the province’s nectar yield decreased, and the average unit nectar yield in the province decreased by 1.72 kg/ha, especially in Heze, Liaocheng, Jinan, Zibo and Weifang. Linyi, Weifang and Qingdao should reduce the number of artificial bee colonies to maintain the balance between nectar yield and bee collection; Jinan, Yantai, Heze, Liaocheng and Weihai can appropriately increase the number of artificial bees; Rizhao, Binzhou, Tai’an and Dezhou should encourage the development of local bee breeding industry and give full play to the advantages of nectar yield.
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