博物馆展厅内障碍物对行人疏散的影响研究
Study on the Effect of Obstacles on Pedestri-an Evacuation in Museum Exhibition Halls

博物馆展厅内障碍物对行人疏散有不可忽视的影响。本文基于元胞自动机模型，在行人移动部分引入势能场理论，建立了含障碍物的博物馆展厅内的行人疏散模型，并运用该模型仿真研究了不同展厅内疏散人数、门前障碍物的数量及布局、展厅内展柜的数量及布局对疏散时间和疏散动力学的影响。后借助Pathfinder软件验证了仿真中动力学行为，证明本文模型具有合理性，可用于展厅内行人疏散的研究。结果表明：合理的障碍物布置会加速行人疏散的进程，降低出口附近成拱行为的影响。本研究对博物馆展厅的布展安全有指导意义。
Obstacles in museum exhibition halls have a non-negligible influence on pedestrian evacuation. In this paper, based on the cellular automata model, the potential field theory is introduced in the moving part of pedestrians to establish a pedestrian evacuation model in the museum exhibition hall containing obstacles, and the model is used to simulate and study the effects of the number of evacuees in different exhibition halls, the number and layout of obstacles in front of the door, and the number and layout of exhibits in the exhibition hall on the evacuation time and evacuation dynamics. Later, the dynamics behavior in the simulation was verified with the help of Pathfinder software, which proved that the model in this paper is reasonable and can be used for the study of pedestrian evacuation in the exhibition hall. The results show that a reasonable arrangement of obstacles will accelerate the process of pedestrian evacuation and reduce the influence of arch-forming behavior near the exit. This study has guiding significance for the safety of the muse-um exhibition hall’s layout.