高校就业指导的现实困境、约束条件与提升路径
The Practical Dilemma, Constraints, and Improvement Path of Employment Guidance in Colleges and Universities

随着全球经济下行的压力、人工智能的发展和三年的全球疫情，大学生就业面临空前的压力，高校就业指导也面临前所未有的挑战。高校就业指导面临人才供给与市场需求不完全匹配、作用褒贬不一、科学性不足、内容不全、职业基础信息匮乏、师资力量比较薄弱等现实困境。高校要摆脱这些困境，对就业指导进行改革还受到一些宏观和微观约束条件的制约。为此，高校需要根据市场的需求，及时调整和优化高校的专业设置；提高人才培养的质量；建立职业基本信息数据库；丰富就业指导的具体内容和形式；打造训练有素的就业指导师资队伍等路径来提升就业指导水平。
With the pressure of global economic downturn, the development of artificial intelligence, and the three-year global epidemic, the employment of college students is facing unprecedented pressure, and college employment guidance is also facing unprecedented challenges. The employment guidance in universities faces practical difficulties such as incomplete matching between talent supply and market demand, varying roles, insufficient scientificity, incomplete content, lack of basic professional information, and relatively weak teaching staff. To overcome these difficulties, universities are still constrained by some macro and micro constraints in reforming employment guidance. Therefore, universities need to adjust and optimize their professional settings in a timely manner based on market demand; improve the quality of talent cultivation; establish a database of basic occupational information; enrich the specific content and forms of employment guidance; build a well-trained team of employment guidance teachers and other means to improve the level of employment guidance.