灌排方式与控释肥耦合对水稻生长、氮素利用及环境的影响
Effects of Irrigation and Drainage Methods Coupled with Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Rice Growth, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization and Environment

水稻生产灌溉用水量大，具有较大的节水潜力；过去片面追求高产而施加大量肥料导致了严重的污染问题。为解决上述问题，现引进一种智能控释肥料，为研究这种肥料在不同的灌排模式下的节水减排机理，现采用竖筒试验。试验表明：秸秆覆盖处理下水稻的灌水、排水量最小；秸秆覆盖和控灌中蓄处理下省工效益较好；秸秆覆盖及控灌中蓄均在一定程度上比浅水勤灌更有减排、降低氮素流失的效果。本研究揭示了智能控释肥对水稻的生理、生长、产量、水氮利用效率、氮素运移规律的影响，为实现科学的水肥管理模式提供依据。
The irrigation water consumption of rice production is large, which has great water-saving poten-tial. In the past, the one-sided pursuit of high yield and large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer were applied, which caused serious pollution problems. In order to solve the above problems, an intelligent controlled-release fertilizer is introduced. In order to study the mechanism of water-saving and emission reduction of this fertilizer under different irrigation and drainage modes, a bucket test is adopted. The results showed that the irrigation and displacement of rice under straw mulching treatment were the smallest. The benefits of straw mulching and control irrigation are better. Straw mulching and storage in controlled irrigation have a better effect of reducing emissions and reducing nitrogen loss than shallow water irrigation to some extent. This study revealed the impact of intelligent controlled-release fertilizer on rice physiology, growth, yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen transport law under different water control modes, so as to provide a basis for realizing scientific water and fertilizer management mode.